Table 3.
Multivariable models of neighborhood-level factors associated with lung cancer incidence among never-smokers in the Black Women’s Health Study. Each neighborhood-level factor was adjusted for a priori risk factors+ of lung cancer and second-hand smoke at work.
| sHR, adjusted for variables in the multivariable models+ (95 % CI) |
|
|---|---|
| Neighborhood Concentrated Disadvantage Index per 10 unit increase # | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63)* |
| Neighborhood SES Index per 10 unit increase# | 0.82 (0.63, 1.06) |
| Effects of neighborhood-level risk factors were adjusted for the following variables in the multivariable model (regardless of the p value) | |
| Age at enrollment | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08)*** |
| Body mass index, per unit increase | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
| Health insurance status | |
| No | 1.18 (0.41, 3.36) |
| Yes | 1.0 |
| Educational attainment | |
| High school degree or less | 1.27 (0.71, 2.28) |
| Some college | 1.06 (0.65, 1.73) |
| College or Graduate degree | 1.0 |
| Annual family income ($) | |
| <25,000 | 0.74 (0.31, 1.80) |
| 25,000 - <50,000 | 0.68 (0.33, 1.37) |
| 50,000 - <100,000 | 0.67 (0.34, 1.34) |
| >100,000 | 1.0 |
| Second hand smoke at home | |
| No | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.12 (0.63, 1.96) |
| Second hand smoke at work | |
| No | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.96 (1.23, 3.13)** |
| PM2.5, per unit increase | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) |
+
A priori risk factors included in the multivariable model regardless of statistical significance were age at enrollment, body mass index, health insurance status, education, income, secondhand smoke at home, and PM2.5.
*
p-value < 0.05.
**
p-value < 0.01.
***
p-value < 0.0001.
CI: confidence interval; PM2.5: particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter; sHR: subdistribution hazard ratio.