Table 3.
Mean Scores on Developmental and Behavioral Indicators1 of Children with FAS, PFAS, and ARND Compared to Controls from Three Rural Communities in South Africa with Post Hoc Analyses
| FAS (n=95) |
PFAS (n=64) |
ARND (n=76) |
RS Controls (n=212) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-value | |
| Global Percentile Rank | 2.8 (4.9) | 3.2 (2.5) | 3.3 (2.6) | 15.5 (18.8) | <.001C,E,F |
| Short Term Memory Percentile Rank | 14.7 (16.0) | 17.1 (14.1) | 19.4 (15.8) | 33.0 (23.5) | <.001C,E,F |
| Visual Processing Percentile Rank | 5.0 (10.2) | 8.0 (10.2) | 6.6 (7.7) | 18.0 (19.4) | <.001C,E,F |
| Long Term Storage and Retrieval Percentile Rank | 7.7 (11.9) | 7.3 (8.0) | 8.8 (10.7) | 20.7 (22.6) | <.001C,E,F |
| Planning Percentile Rank | 3.2 (5.9) | 5.3 (5.8) | 4.7 (6.2) | 17.2 (21.6) | <.001C,E,F |
| Number Recall Percentile Rank | 25.5 (22.9) | 31.4 (20.9) | 32.4 (24.5) | 44.1 (25.6) | <.001C,E,F |
| Word Order Recall Percentile Rank | 12.4 (14.4) | 13.1 (10.9) | 15.1 (12.8) | 26.6 (19.8) | <.001C,E,F |
| Conceptual Thinking Percentile Rank | 3.7 (6.6) | 5.1 (5.2) | 4.1 (5.4) | 15.6 (18.9) | <.001C,E,F |
| Triangles Percentile Rank | 8.8 (14.8) | 11.3 (14.6) | 10.6 (11.9) | 25.4 (23.8) | <.001C,E,F |
| Pattern Reasoning Percentile Rank | 8.8 (12.9) | 14.6 (14.6) | 12.5 (13.3) | 21.9 (19.7) | <.001C,E,F |
| Atlantis Percentile Rank | 9.8 (10.5) | 13.0 (10.7) | 13.5 (13.7) | 21.2 (18.6) | <.001C,E,F |
| Rebus Percentile Rank | 10.8 (18.6) | 8.5 (12.7) | 10.6 (15.5) | 26.5 (30.0) | <.001C,E,F |
| TRF Total Behavior Problems t-score | 58.6 (9.0) | 56.2 (7.6) | 55.3 (7.3) | 52.9 (5.4) | <.001B,C,E,F |
| TRF Total Inattention Problems t-score | 54.6 (11.6) | 54.2 (10.8) | 51.7 (11.2) | 47.9 (9.4) | <.001C,E,F |
1
All scores standardized for age of child at time of testing.
TRF: Teacher Report Form
Bonferroni-adjusted significance value for all Table 3 comparisons: p< 0.0036
Significant (p<.05) post-hoc Dunnett C comparisons between:
A
FAS & PFAS
B
FAS & ARND
C
FAS & Randomly-Selected Controls
D
PFAS & ARND
E
PFAS & Randomly-Selected Controls
F
ARND & Randomly-Selected Controls