TABLE 4.
Effects of tocotrienol on skin moisture and wrinkles.
| Studies | Study design | Changes with tocotrienol |
|---|---|---|
| Weber et al. (2003) | Subjects: 11 humans with skin types II and III, aged from 20 to 34 years | ↑ Total vitamin E (pretreatment) |
| Treatment: α-tocotrienol (5% w/vol) and control on the upper back for 7 days, addition of BPO (10%) treatment for another 7 days (topical) | ↓ Total vitamin E after BPO treatment in control and α-tocotrienol treatment | |
| ↔α-tocotrienol in α-tocotrienol treatment | ||
| ↑ TEWL after BPO treatment | ||
| ↓ MDA in α-tocotrienol treatment | ||
| Ismail et al. (2009b) | Subjects: 20 humans, aged between 23 and 49, in good health and free from skin diseases | ↑ Skin hydration and lightness |
| Treatment: Skin-whitening lotion enriched with tocotrienols for 4 weeks (topical) | ↓ Melanin index | |
| Ismail et al. (2009a) | Subjects: 12 humans | ↑ Skin hydration |
| Treatment: Tocotrienol-rich anti-wrinkle lotion for 60 days (topical) | ↓Wrinkle, average skin roughness |
Abbreviation: ↑ increase, upregulate; ↓ decrease, inhibit or downregulate; ↔ no change; BPO, benzoyl peroxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.