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. 2022 Oct 20;22:423–452. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.012

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Key events of EVs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of OA. Red: Typical examples of EVs in pathogenesis research. Purple: The signature events of EVs as markers for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Blue: The therapeutic roles of EVs from different sources through different mechanisms, and all known modification strategies, as well as typical biomaterials for loading EVs.