Table 3.
The characteristics of EVs in the differential diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
| Sources | Characteristic | Diseases | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | RA patients had an high expression of pro-neuregulin-3, alpha-1-antitypain and TLR3, while a low expression of type Ⅱ cytoskeletal 1. | RA, OA | [122] |
| Serum | Circulating exosomal miRNAs are differentially expressed, and miR-151a, −199a, −370, −589, and −769 are believed to be involved in co-pathogenesis. | PsA, RA, GA | [130] |
| SFB | Membrane-bound form of TNF in EVs was found only in RA patients. | RA, OA | [131] |
| SF | Platform-derived EVs were found only in RA patients. | RA, OA | [132] |
| SF | Citrullinated proteins were found in all exosomes, and fibronectin was found only in exosomes from RA patients. | RA, OA, reactive arthritis | [129] |
*Abbreviation: OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; GA, gouty arthritis; SFB, synovial fibroblasts; SF, synovial fluid.