Figure 2.
The gut microbiome is altered in participants receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV)
(A) Weighted Unifrac 3D PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) plot of samples at baseline (day 0) and after the second injection (day 42) (n = 207). The ANOSIM test was used to calculate the significance of dissimilarity (ANOSIM, p = 0.001).
(B) Comparison of the weighted Unifrac range of samples between baseline (day 0) and after the second injection (day 42) (n = 207). The ANOSIM test was used to calculate the significance of dissimilarity (ANOSIM, p = 0.001).
(C) Volcano plot of differentially enriched bacteria between samples at baseline (day 0) and samples after the second injection (day 42) (n = 207). Pink dots represent bacteria with relatively higher abundance in samples after second injection (day 42). Blue dots represent bacteria with relatively higher abundance in samples at baseline (day 0). Gray dots represent bacteria with no significant difference between the 2 groups. p values were adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method to control FDR. FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 was shown.
(D) Correlation heatmap of differentially enriched bacteria at day 0 with the clinical characteristics at day 42 (n = 207). Pearson correlation analysis with FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 was shown.
(E) Differentially enriched MetaCyc pathways between samples at days 0 and 42. Pink dots represent MetaCyc pathways with relatively higher counts per million (CPM) in samples at day 42 (n = 207). Blue dots represent MetaCyc pathways with relatively higher CPM in samples at day 0. Gray dots represent bacteria with no significant difference between the 2 groups. p values were adjusted by BH method to control FDR. FDR-adjusted p < 0.01 is shown.
(F) Correlation heatmap of differentially enriched MetaCyc pathways at D0 with the clinical characteristics at day 42. Pearson correlation analysis with FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 is shown. n = 207. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.