Table 2.

Predictors of systemic involvement among patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis.

	Patients with systemic involvement (n = 23)	Patients with exclusively cutaneous disease (n = 14)	OR (95% CI) [P value]
Age < 54.0 years	15/23 (65%)	3/14 (21%)	6.88 (1.48–32.01) [0.010]
Female sex	17/23 (74%)	4/14 (29%)	7.08 (1.60–31.33) [0.007]
Acute disease course	11/23 (48%)	0/14	1.92 (1.30–2.84) [0.002]
Morphological features
Plaques and nodules	4/23 (17%)	5/14 (36%)	0.38 (0.08–1.76) [0.208]
Papules	9/23 (39%)	8/14 (57%)	0.45 (0.08–2.67) [0.375]
Laboratory measures
Elevated ACE	7/23 (30%)	0/10	1.44 (1.10–1.88) [0.049]
Elevated soluble IL-2 receptor	13/14 (93%)	3/7 (43%)	17.33 (1.39–216.60) [0.011]
Hypercalcemia	1/14 (7%)	0/4	1.08 (0.93–1.25) [0.582]
Elevated CRP	11/17 (65%)	1/7 (14%)	11.00 (1.06–114.09) [0.025]
Management
Systemic corticosteroids	9/23 (39%)	0/14	1.64 (1.18–2.28) [0.007]
Topical corticosteroids	14/23 (61%)	14/14 (100%)	0.61 (0.44–0.85) [0.007]
NSAID	5/23 (22%)	0/14	1.28 (1.03–1.59) [0.061]
Immune-modulating drugs a	5/23 (22%)	1/14 (7%)	3.61 (0.38–34.69) [0.243]

Bold: significant values.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; IL-2, interleukin 2, NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

^aDoxycycline, azathioprine, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or infliximab.