Table 1.
Weighted characteristics of the study participants by the quartiles of VAI.
| Level | Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAI | < 1.10 | 1.10 - 1.69 | 1.70 - 2.79 | ≥2.80 | |||
| N | 23285519 | 5606699 | 5313948 | 6221989 | 6142883 | ||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 73.4 (5.8) | 73.5 (5.9) | 74.0 (6.0) | 73.3 (5.6) | 72.9 (5.8) | 0.04 | |
| Sex (%) | Female | 13110334 (56.3) | 2514671 (44.9) | 2949939 (55.5) | 3776827 (60.7) | 3868898 (63.0) | <0.001 |
| Male | 10175185 (43.7) | 3092029 (55.1) | 2364009 (44.5) | 2445163 (39.3) | 2273985 (37.0) | ||
| Race/ethnicity (%) | Mexican American | 778769 (3.3) | 123930 (2.2) | 176451 (3.3) | 220298 (3.5) | 258090 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1583887 (6.8) | 622153 (11.1) | 390917 (7.4) | 379183 (6.1) | 191635 (3.1) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 19254071 (82.7) | 4540857 (81.0) | 4432917 (83.4) | 5079494 (81.6) | 5200804 (84.7) | ||
| Other Race | 1668792 (7.2) | 319759 (5.7) | 313663 (5.9) | 543015 (8.7) | 492355 (8.0) | ||
| Education (%) | College or above | 10683228 (45.9) | 3071028.6 (54.8) | 2560692 (48.2) | 2760479 (44.4) | 2291028 (37.3) | <0.001 |
| High school or equivalent | 6426240 (27.6) | 1221594 (21.8) | 1489826 (28.0) | 1694387 (27.2) | 2020434 (32.9) | ||
| Less than high school | 6143023 (26.4) | 1310054 (23.4) | 1255337 (23.6) | 1753017 (28.2) | 1824614 (29.7) | ||
| Marital status (%) | Married | 13964109 (60.0) | 3539173 (63.1) | 3135788 (59.0) | 3672492 (59.0) | 3616656 (58.9) | 0.44 |
| Never married | 885308 (3.8) | 238119 (4.2) | 205958 (3.9) | 179646 (2.9) | 261586 (4.3) | ||
| Separated | 8017205 (34.4) | 1769205 (31.6) | 1880278 (35.4) | 2217576 (35.6) | 2150146 (35.0) | ||
| Family income-poverty ratio (mean (SD)) | 2.76 (1.49) | 3.06 (1.55) | 2.78 (1.49) | 2.64 (1.46) | 2.58 (1.43) | <0.001 | |
| Family income-poverty ratio (%) | <1.0 | 2150186 (9.2) | 425693 (7.6) | 394844 (7.4) | 628191 (10.1) | 701459 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| 1.0-3.0 | 10423339 (44.8) | 2115258 (37.7) | 2473771 (46.6) | 3022065 (48.6) | 2812245 (45.8) | ||
| >3.0 | 8424720 (36.2) | 2434080 (43.4) | 2011887 (37.9) | 1964729 (31.6) | 2014023 (32.8) | ||
| Smoking status (%) | Never | 11088629 (47.6) | 2594945 (46.3) | 2519057 (47.4) | 3040680 (48.9) | 2933946 (47.8) | 0.138 |
| Former | 10044131 (43.1) | 2618102 (46.7) | 2345428 (44.1) | 2524576 (40.6) | 2556026 (41.6) | ||
| Now | 2138547 (9.2) | 392147 (7.0) | 449463 (8.5) | 654408 (10.5) | 642530 (10.5) | ||
| Diabetes (%) | No | 16634205 (71.4) | 4652827 (83.0) | 3877194 (73.0) | 4421329 (71.1) | 3682856 (60.0) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 6651314 (28.6) | 953872 (17.0) | 1436754 (27.0) | 1800660 (28.9) | 2460028 (40.0) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | No | 9651068 (41.4) | 2638862 (47.1) | 2304467 (43.4) | 2461528 (39.6) | 2246211 (36.6) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 13634452 (58.6) | 2967837 (52.9) | 3009481 (56.6) | 3760461 (60.4) | 3896672 (63.4) | ||
| CVD (%) | No | 16970868 (72.9) | 4384955 (78.2) | 3707784 (69.8) | 4488395 (72.1) | 4389734 (71.5) | 0.057 |
| Yes | 6313676 (27.1) | 1221744 (21.8) | 1605189 (30.2) | 1733595 (27.9) | 1753149 (28.5) | ||
| CKD (%) | No | 7511966 (32.3) | 2438885 (43.5) | 1770781 (33.3) | 1852014 (29.8) | 1450286 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 4500691 (19.3) | 1097486 (19.6) | 1018028 (19.2) | 1229365 (19.8) | 1155812 (18.8) |
VAI, visceral adiposity index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Data are presented as frequencies (percentages) or mean (SD) or median (IQR). Numbers that do not add up to 100% are attributable to missing data.