Table 3.
Estimation results.
| Variable | Probit (ME) | Tobit (sick days) |
|---|---|---|
| Basic pay rate (log) | 0.156 (0.129) | 3.712 (2.443) |
| Distance from work (miles) | 0.0135*** (0.005) | 0.231*** (0.088) |
| Distance (squared) | −0.000*** (0.000) | −0.008** (0.003) |
| Permanent contract (yes) | 0.098* (0.059) | 1.333 (1.199) |
| More than one job (yes) | −0.031 (0.035) | −0.980 (0.649) |
| Years in the role | 0.016 (0.001) | 0.294 (0.219) |
| Years in the role (squared) | −0.001 (0.001) | −0.024 (0.017) |
| Fixed hours (yes) | 0.041 (0.051) | 0.898 (0.990) |
| Hours worked (log) | 0.033 (0.021) | 1.168*** (0.374) |
| Female (yes) | 0.053 (0.042) | 0.941 (0.895) |
| PA disability (yes) | −0.068 (0.070) | −0.857 (1.261) |
| Ethnicity (non-white) | 0.040 (0.053) | 0.796 (1.040) |
| Age | 0.006 (0.007) | 0.088 (0.136) |
| Age (squared) | −0.000 (0.000) | −0.02 (0.002) |
| More than one type of support need (IE) | 0.017 (0.033) | 0.089 (0.647) |
| IE learning disability (yes) | −0.011 (0.048) | 0.022 (0.799) |
| Funding (ref: direct payment) | ||
| Personal Health Budget | −0.081 (0.058) | −1.861* (1.080) |
| Self-funded | 0.016 (0.042) | −0.206 (0.782) |
| Total number of PAs employed | 0.029*** (0.007) | 0.511*** (0.160) |
| IE is 65 years or older | −0.037 (0.025) | −0.287 (0.489) |
| JSA allowance (rate of uptake) | −0.007 (0.049) | −0.692 (0.880) |
| Total # home care providers | −0.002*** (0.001) | −0.037*** (0.012) |
| Total # of Care Homes | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.014** (0.005) |
| Constant | −18.498 | |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.075 | 0.032 |
| Observations | 1,016 | 1,016 |
ME, Marginal effects; IE, Individual employer; PA, Personal Assistant; JSA, Job Seekers Allowance—unemployment benefit. Local Authority clustered standard errors are in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Model includes controls for region.