TABLE 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological information.
| PD-A | PD-NA | HCs | Static | P | |
| Participants | 28 | 19 | 32 | ||
| Male/female | 10/18 | 11/8 | 13/19 | 2.4a | 0.30 |
| Age | 65.1 (6.2) | 60.3 (11.3) | 63.2 (4.7) | 4.2b | 0.12 |
| Education | 9.9 (3.2) | 11.2 (4.8) | 9.8 (3.8) | 1.0c | 0.37 |
| MMSE | 26.6 (1.9) | 27.1 (1.9) | 28.7 (1.3) | 19.0b | < 0.0011,2,3 |
| AS | 21.2 (4.7) | 7.9 (2.9) | 1.5 (2.5) | 66.4b | <0.0011,2,3 |
| HAMA | 16.2 (8.2) | 11.4 (10.9) | 1.4 (2.1) | 45.9b | < 0.0011,2,3 |
| HAMD | 20.1 (11.8) | 13.4 (13.5) | 0.9 (1.4) | 56.2b | < 0.0011,2,3 |
| Duration of disease | 5.4 (4.5) | 3.2 (3.3) | – | −2.0d | 0.04 |
| UPDRS-III | 39.0 (18.2) | 26.9 (13.5) | – | −2.5d | 0.01 |
| LEDD | 584.1 (322.8) | 322.4 (376.3) | – | −2.5d | 0.01 |
| H&Y stage | 2.1 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.5) | – | 5.3a | 0.39 |
The data are shown as the mean (standard deviation). PD-A, Parkinson’s disease with apathy; PD-NA, Parkinson’s disease without apathy; HCs, healthy controls; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; AS, Apathy Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; UPDRS-III, Part III of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; H&Y stage, Hoehn and Yahr stage; a: Pearson’s chi-square (χ2); b: Kruskal–Wallis H test; c: One-way analysis of variance; d: Mann–Whitney U test; 1: Post hoc paired comparisons between PD-A and PD-NA groups; 2: Post hoc paired comparisons between PD-A and HC groups; 3: Post hoc paired comparisons between PD-NA and HC groups.