Table 1.

Associations Between Parental Education and Brain Connectivity Patterns Controlling for Aspects of the Family and School Environment and Child Characteristics. We quantified the attenuation of the relationship between parental education and brain connectivity patterns after controlling individually and jointly for six candidate explanatory variables. Overall, 1/3 of the multivariate association between parental education and brain connectivity patterns was accounted for by the six candidate explanatory variables. r_cv = cross-validated out-of-sample correlation between actual scores and predicted scores using resting state connectivity data.

Contextualizing Variable	Parental Education rcv	Attenuation Magnitude	Attenuation p value
No Contextualizing Variables	0.247	–	–
Enrichment Activities‡	0.230	0.016	0.0439
Family Support§	0.247	-0.001	n.s.
School Support¶	0.246	0.000	n.s.
Child’s Grades	0.219	0.028	0.0001*
Child’s General Cognitive Ability#	0.189	0.058	0.0001*
All Contextualizing Variables	0.175	0.071	0.0001*

^‡ Intellectual/Cultural Orientation subscale of the Family Environment Scale

^§ Acceptance subscale of the Children’s Report of Parental Behavior Inventory

^¶ School Environment subscale of the School Risk and Protective Factors Survey

^# Latent Variable Created from ABCD Neurocognitive Battery

^% Latent Variable Created from Child Behavior Checklist – Parent Report

* Observed attenuation larger than all 10,000 in the permutation distribution.