Table 2.

Difference-in-difference negative binomial regression with state and time fixed effects, 2007–2015.

Short-term effect			Short-term and long-term effect
Category	IRR (95% CI)	P-value	IRR (95% CI)	p-value	IRR with one-year lag (95% CI)	p-value
All	0.939 (0.906, 0.973)	0.001	0.968 (0.931, 1.007)	0.111	0.926 (0.887, 0.967)	0.000
Male	0.953 (0.914, 0.995)	0.027	0.990 (0.946, 1.037)	0.683	0.909 (0.864, 0.956)	0.000
Female	0.924 (0.885, 0.966)	0.000	0.944 (0.900, 0.990)	0.019	0.949 (0.901, 0.999)	0.045
18–24	0.915 (0.875, 0.957)	0.000	0.944 (0.899, 0.992)	0.022	0.928 (0.879, 0.979)	0.007
25–40	0.958 (0.914, 1.003)	0.068	0.996 (0.947, 1.047)	0.869	0.907 (0.859, 0.957)	0.000
41–64	0.967 (0.905, 1.032)	0.309	0.982 (0.914, 1.053)	0.608	0.959 (0.889, 1.035)	0.287
65+	0.912 (0.782, 1.065)	0.245	0.922 (0.783, 1.087)	0.335	0.966 (0.808, 1.155)	0.705
Male 18-24	0.930 (0.878, 0.985)	0.013	0.968 (0.909, 1.030)	0.308	0.906 (0.845, 0.970)	0.005
Male 25-40	0.965 (0.913, 1.021)	0.218	1.007 (0.948, 1.070)	0.819	0.899 (0.842, 0.960)	0.001
Male 41-64	0.978 (0.904, 1.057)	0.570	1.014 (0.932, 1.103)	0.749	0.906 (0.828, 0.992)	0.034
Male 65+	0.831 (0.675, 1.022)	0.079	0.847 (0.680, 1.056)	0.140	0.940 (0.742, 1.192)	0.611
Female 18-24	0.901 (0.853, 0.952)	0.000	0.924 (0.870, 0.981)	0.010	0.940 (0.880, 1.003)	0.060
Female 25-40	0.952 (0.894, 1.013)	0.123	0.982 (0.918, 1.051)	0.605	0.920 (0.856, 0.989)	0.024
Female 41-64	0.942 (0.837, 1.061)	0.325	0.908 (0.797, 1.034)	0.144	1.105 (0.963, 1.267)	0.156
Female 65+	1.026 (0.813, 1.294)	0.828	1.025 (0.801, 1.311)	0.844	1.003 (0.765, 1.317)	0.981