Figure 2.

Efficiency of phages ST-W77 and SE-W109 in the protection against S. Tm invasion of human colonic epithelium. Human colonic epithelium (T84 cells) were seeded in a 24-well plate at a density of 10⁵ cells/well. Each well was added 10 μl of 5 × 10¹⁰ PFU/mL phages or SM buffer for 5 min before S. Typhimurium infection (MOI = 25). After the gentamicin protection for 90 min, cells were lysed and recovered bacterial numbers (CFU/mL) were counted (A). The invasion assay was repeated in a 6-well-plate with the same MOI to observe proinflammatory gene expressions. Fold change of gene expressions of human IL-8 (B), MIP-3A (C), and IL-1B (D) were determined by a qPCR using GAPDH as a housekeeping gene. Bars represent the geometric mean; error bars indicate geometric standard deviation. *, **, *** indicated p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. ns, a non-statistically significant difference.