TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of cohort participants based on DFS score.
| Low DFS (n = 68) | Mid DFS (n = 55) | High DFS (n = 46) | F-statistic or χ2 value | P-value | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 20.97 ± 3.11 | 22.05 ± 4.48 | 20.80 ± 3.79 | 1.71A | 0.185 |
| Sex (F/M, % of F to total) | 38/30 (55.88) | 37/18 (67.27) | 24/22 (52.17) | 2.695B | 0.260 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 22.14 ± 2.63 | 21.78 ± 2.82 | 22.19 ± 2.89 | 0.36A | 0.701 |
| Physical activity (mean ± SD)¥ | 12.09 ± 1.92 | 12.04 ± 1.65 | 11.84 ± 1.12 | 0.32A | 0.725 |
| DFS (mean ± SD) | 45.44 ± 5.20 | 59.85 ± 3.22$ | 76.28 ± 11.58$ | 310.11A | < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 15.25 ± 10.08 | 13.14 ± 7.08 | 10.89 ± 6.42 | 1.91A | 0.151 |
| DASS-21-D (mean ± SD) | 2.87 ± 3.50 | 5.29 ± 4.71∧ | 6.91 ± 5.65$ | 11.99A | < 0.0001 |
DFS, dietary fat and free sugar screener score; DASS-21-D, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 Depression score; BMI, Body Mass Index; F, Female; M, Male. ADenotes One-way ANOVA and Bdenotes Chi-square analysis. Significant p-value (< 0.05) are denoted in bold. ∧Denotes p = 0.001 and $denotes p < 0.0001 using Sidak post-hoc analysis in comparison to low DFS group. ¥Denotes the mean of variable presented in log2-scale. All post-hoc between groups comparisons have p < 0.0001 in 1-way ANOVA for DFS.