TABLE 2.
Univariate analysis of associations between demographic, lifestyle risk factors, and urinary biomarkers.
| Age | SexA | BMI | Physical activity | DFS | |
| Immune markers | |||||
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | −0.02 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.15* | 0.07 |
| Interleukin (IL)-6 | 0.03 | 0.29* | −0.01 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
| KP metabolites | |||||
| Tryptophan (TRP) | −0.05 | 0.00 | 0.08 | −0.17* | 0.08 |
| Kynurenine (KYN) | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.05 | −0.16* | −0.01 |
| Kynurenic acid (KA) | 0.27^ | 0.01 | 0.08 | −0.15* | −0.17* |
| 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3HK) | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.06 | −0.15* | 0.13 |
| 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) | 0.23# | 0.09 | −0.01 | −0.16* | 0.16 * |
| Picolinic acid (PA) | 0.24# | −0.22 | 0.06 | −0.10 | 0.11 |
| Quinolinic acid (QA) | −0.01 | 0.51 * | −0.02 | −0.24# | 0.08 |
| KP activity/ratio | |||||
| IDO/TDO activity | −0.06 | −0.15 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| KAT activity | 0.29 $ | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.01 | −0.13 |
| KMO activity | 0.16 * | 0.49 * | 0.13 | −0.03 | 0.19 * |
| KYNU activity | 0.19 * | −0.11 | −0.07 | −0.01 | 0.03 |
| KA/QA ratio | 0.25^ | −0.36* | 0.09 | 0.03 | −0.22# |
IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; TDO, Tryptophan dioxygenase; KYAT, Kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO, Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; KYNU, Kynureninase; IDO/TDO activity is defined by KYN/TRP ratio; KAT activity is defined by KA/KYN ratio; KMO activity is defined by 3HK/KYN; KYNU activity is defined by 3HAA/3HK ratio. All reported values were derived from Pearson’s correlation coefficient unless otherwise specified. ADenotes Cohen’s D effect size (female to male). Significant correlations/effect sizes are denoted in bold *p < 0.05, #p < 0.01, ^p < 0.001, $p < 0.0001. *(unbold) indicate p-value close to 0.05.