TABLE 4.
Associations between depression and biomarkers measures by univariate and covariate analyses.
| Univariate analysis |
Covariate analysis* |
|||||
| β (95% CI) | R 2 | P-value | Adjusted β (95% CI) | Adjusted R2 | P-value | |
| Immune marker | ||||||
| IL-6 | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.01) | 0.04 | 0.013 | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.01) | 0.15 | 0.013 |
| KP markers | ||||||
| KA | −0.30 (−0.46 to −0.14) | 0.08 | <0.001 | −0.27 (−0.43 to −0.10) | 0.17 | 0.002 |
| KAT activity | −0.16 (−0.28 to −0.03) | 0.04 | 0.014 | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.03) | 0.13 | 0.123 |
| KMO activity | 0.18 (0.004–0.36) | 0.02 | 0.045 | 0.14 (−0.04 to 0.33) | 0.13 | 0.121 |
| KA/QA ratio | −0.29 (−0.44 to −0.14) | 0.08 | <0.001 | −0.22 (−0.37 to −0.06) | 0.16 | 0.006 |
IL-6, Interleukin-6 (fg/mL per mmol/L creatinine); KA, Kynurenic acid (nmol/L per mmol/L creatinine); KAT, Kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO, Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; KA/QA, Kynurenic acid/Quinolinic acid ratio; KAT activity is defined by KA/KYN ratio; KMO activity is defined by 3HK/KYN; *Multiple linear regression modelling was performed to adjust for demographic factors including age, sex, DFS, and physical activity. All variables were log2-transformed prior to regression analysis. The β denotes the beta coefficient of the regression model and R2 refers to the coefficient of determinant indicating the goodness-of-fit of the regression analysis. Significant p-value (< 0.05) are denoted in bold. Only biomarkers that showed a significant relationship with depression score were presented in this table. For full analysis of the other biomarkers, refer to Supplementary Table 2.