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. 2022 Oct 10;9:935820. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935820

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Copyright © 2022 Geng, Qiu, Kang, Li, Li, Liao, Qin, Yang and Su.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Subgroup analysis. ORs for the association between caffeine intake and kidney stone. The subgroup analyses results of crude model (model 1) and fully adjusted model (model 3). Abscissa represents odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI (confidence intervals). The figure showed the OR with 95%CI for the trend of risk of kidney stones as the caffeine intake quarte rise.