TABLE 4.
Study on other natural medicinal ingredients against INH and RFP-induced liver injury.
| Ingredient name | Chinese medicine source | Detection indicators | Mechanisms of action |
|---|---|---|---|
| N-trans-Caffeoyldopamine | Capsicum annuum, Lycium chinense | ALT, AST↓; SOD, GSH↑, MDA↓; CYP2E1 mRNA↓ | Modulate CYP2E1 mRNA expression, reduce free radicals and ROS, and improve antioxidant capacity Wu et al. (2015) |
| Sinomenine | Caulis Sinomenii | ALT, AST, TG↓; SOD, GSH↑, MDA↓ | Reduce oxygen free radicals, and inhibit lipid peroxidation Yu et al. (2021) |
| Yulangsan polysaccharide | Millettia pulchra | Liver index↓; ALT, AST↓; SOD, GSH-Px, GSH↑, MDA↓ | Radical scavenging action and antioxidant activity Dong et al. (2014) |
| Resveratrol | Fructus Mori, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix | ALT, AST↓; CAT, GSH↑; TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-10↓; SIRT1↑, PPAR-γ↓, PGC1α↓ | Modulation of SIRT1 and PPAR-γ/PGC1α expression Nicoletti et al. (2014) |
| Bicyclol | Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus | ALT, AST, TBIL↓; SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, CAT↑, MDA↓; TNF-α, IL-1β↓; CYP2E1↓ | attenuate oxidative stress, suppress cytokine overexpression, modulate CYP2E1 Liu et al. (2017) |
| Crocus sativus L. extract containing polyphenols | Crocus sativus L | ALT, AST, ALP↓; CAT, SOD↑, MDA↓; TNF-α↓ | decrease the levels of hepatic enzyme and proinflammatory cytokines markers in the INH and RFP-induced rats Wali et al. (2020) |
| Water extract from persimmon leaves | Diospyros kaki Thunb | ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TBA, TBIL, DBIL↓; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10↓; SOD, GSH-Px, GSH↑, MDA, NO↓ | Enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity, scavenge oxygen free radicals, reduce inflammation Wang J et al. (2020) |
Notes: INH, isoniazid; RFP, rifampicin; MDA, malonic dialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH, glutathione; CYP2E1, cytochrome P2E1; TBA, total bile acid; DBIL, direct bilirubin; TBIL, total bilirubin; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; TG: triglyceride; SIRT1, silent information regulator 1; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NO, nitric oxide.