Table 2.
Association of SSB, LNCB, and FJ consumption with all-cause mortality risk in 118,707 participants of Lifelines
| HR (95% CI) by categories of beverages consumption | HR (95% CI) for each servings/day increment | P for interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No consumption | > 0–2 servings/week | > 2- < 7 servings/week | ≥ 1 servings/day | |||
| SSB | ||||||
| n | 43,927 | 29,706 | 25,595 | 19,479 | 118,707 | |
| Event (%) | 1471 (3.3) | 655 (2.2) | 428 (1.7) | 298 (1.5) | 2852 (2.4) | |
| Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.88 (0.81–0.97) | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 1.37 (1.21–1.56) | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) | |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | |
| Mena | 0.003 | |||||
| n | 13,313 | 12,155 | 11,992 | 10,483 | 47,943 | |
| Event (%) | 713 (5.4) | 356 (2.9) | 253 (2.1) | 194 (1.9) | 1516 (3.2) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | |
| Womena | ||||||
| n | 30,614 | 17,551 | 13,603 | 8996 | 70,764 | |
| Event (%) | 758 (2.5) | 299 (1.7) | 175 (1.3) | 104 (1.2) | 1336 (1.9) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 1.15 (0.91–1.44) | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) | |
| LNCB | ||||||
| n | 52,375 | 23,842 | 25,494 | 16,996 | 118,707 | |
| Event (%) | 1471 (2.8) | 565 (2.4) | 487 (1.9) | 329 (1.9) | 2852 (2.4) | |
| Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.94 (0.85–1.05) | 1.22 (1.08–1.38) | 1.10 (1.04–1.15) | |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) | |
| Mena | 0.96 | |||||
| N | 22,027 | 8806 | 10,238 | 6872 | 47,943 | |
| Event (%) | 770 (3.5) | 288 (3.3) | 274 (2.7) | 184 (2.7) | 1516 (3.2) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.19 (1.01–1.41) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | |
| Womena | ||||||
| n | 30,348 | 15,036 | 15,256 | 10,124 | 70,764 | |
| Event (%) | 701 (2.3) | 277 (1.8) | 213 (1.4) | 145 (1.4) | 1336 (1.9) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | |
| FJ | ||||||
| n | 28,346 | 38,053 | 39,088 | 13,220 | 118,707 | |
| Event (%) | 963 (3.4) | 817 (2.1) | 825 (2.1) | 247 (1.9) | 2852 (2.4) | |
| Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.79 (0.72–0.87) | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | 1.08 (1.02–1.16) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | |
| Mena | 0.07 | |||||
| n | 10,881 | 14,263 | 16,445 | 6354 | 47,943 | |
| Event (%) | 523 (4.8) | 430 (3.0) | 424 (2.6) | 139 (2.2) | 1516 (3.2) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.80 (0.71–0.92) | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | |
| Womena | ||||||
| n | 17,465 | 23,790 | 22,643 | 6866 | 70,764 | |
| Event (%) | 440 (2.5) | 387 (1.6) | 401 (1.8) | 108 (1.6) | 1336 (1.9) | |
| Model 3 | 1 (ref) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 1.09 (0.98–1.20) | |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex; model 2: model 1 with additionally adjusted for education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, moderate physical activity, sedentary behavior, baseline BMI; model 3: model 2 with additionally adjusted for consumptions of grain, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, meat and processed meat, coffee, tea, legumes, nuts, fats and oils, sugary foods, mutual adjustment for other beverages (SSB, LNCB, and fruit juice), and energy intake
FJ fruit juice, LNCB low-calorie sweetened beverages, SBB sugar-sweetened beverages
aP value for interaction with sex was calculated in each serving/day increment for SSB and LNCB and using categorical model for FJ