Table 1.
Characteristics of selected studies
| Author | Y ear |
Region | Study design | Age | Population | Men% | Prevalence%(N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D.Bierle et al. [23] | 2021 | USA | Cross sectional | 46.5 | 42 | 33.3% | 74(31) |
| MAEG.Aly et al. [24] | 2021 | Egypt | Cross sectional | 73.18 | 115 | 0% | 57.4(66) |
| N. K. N. Anjana et al. [25] | 2021 | India | Cohort | 41.5 | 154 | 37% | 3.2(5) |
| A. Asadi et al. [1] | 2021 | Iran | Cross sectional | 12 | 58 | 48% | 21(12) |
| M. Agustin et al. [27] | 2021 | Germany | Cohort | 43 | 353 | 42.7% | 14.2(50) |
| M. Bell et al. [28] | 2021 | USA | Cohort | 44 | 303 | 30% | 37.5(113) |
| S. Bliddal et al. [29] | 2021 | Denmark | Cross sectional | N/A | 445 | 42.9% | 95(423) |
| B. Blomberg et al. [30] | 2021 | Norway | Cohort | 46 | 272 | 49% | 90(244) |
| B. Bouteleux et al. [31] | 2021 | France | Cross sectional | 48 | 39 | 44% | 77(30) |
| C. Brackel et al. [32] | 2021 | Netherlands | Cross sectional | 13 | 89 | N/A | 87(77) |
| N. Chopra et al. [33] | 2021 | India | Cross sectional | 34.9 | 53 | 53% | 22.6(12) |
| B. cil et al. [34] | 2022 | Turkey | Cross sectional | 50.25 | 396 | 50% | 56.1(222) |
| N. Erol et al. [35] | 2021 | Turkey | Case control | 9.16 | 121 | 53.71% | 60(72) |
| R. Ganesh et al. [36] | 2021 | USA | Cross sectional | 44 | 817 | 38.9% | 90.6(739) |
| F. Gonzalez-Andrade et al. [37] | 2021 | USA | Cross sectional | 39 | 1366 | 49.71% | 67.3(919) |
| A. Iqbal et al. [38] | 2021 | Pakistan | Cross sectional | 40.1 | 158 | 44.9% | 82.9(131) |
| M. Islam et al. [39] | 2021 | Bangladesh | Cross sectional | 34.7 | 1002 | 57.9% | 11.5(115) |
| B. Kayaaslan et al. [40] | 2021 | Turkey | prospectiv | 40.5 | 1007 | 54.4% | 24.3(244) |
| C. Lemhofer et al. [41] | 2021 | Germany | Cross sectional | 49.8 | 365 | 40.5% | 37.5(137) |
| F.S. Mirfazeli et al. [42] | 2021 | Iran | Cross sectional | 50 | 95 | 58% | 23(22) |
| D. Munblit et al. [43] | 2021 | Russia | Cross sectional | 57 | 1358 | 49.70% | 15.5(211) |
| G. Nesan et al. [44] | 2021 | India | Cross sectional | ≤ 10-≥60 | 1354 | 73% | 39.7(538) |
| G.F. Parisi et al. [45] | 2021 | Italy | Cross sectional | 20->60 | 267 | 34.4% | 75.6(202) |
| M. S. Razai et al. [47] | 2021 | London | Cross sectional | 49 | 41 | 34% | 45(19) |
| E. Righi et al. [47] | 2021 | Italy | Cohort | 56 | 417 | N/A | 11.27(47) |
| L. Roge et al. [48] | 2021 | Latvia | Cross sectional | 10 | 236 | 56% | 25.2(59) |
| J. Seeble et al. [49] | 2021 | Germany | Cohort | 57 | 96 | 44.8 | 53.1(51) |
| S. Sultana et al. [50] | 2021 | Bangladesh | Cross sectional | 34.8 | 186 | 66% | 8.1(15) |
| M. Taquet et al. [51] | 2021 | UK | Cohort | 39.4 | 106,578 | 41.6% | 6.38(6799) |
| R. R. taylor et al. [52] | 2021 | UK | Cross sectional | N/A | 675 | 58% | 54.5(368) |
| R. Titze-de-Almeida et al. [53] | 2022 | Brazil | Cohort | 41.2 | 236 | 39% | 21.2(50) |
| B. S. Tomar et al. [54] | 2021 | India | Cross sectional | 53.4 | 50 | 76% | 74(37) |
| G. Vanichkachorn et al. [55] | 2021 | USA | Cohort | 45.4 | 100 | 32% | 80(80) |
| V. Wanga et al. [56] | 2021 | USA | Case control | 39.9 | 698 | 52% | 48.4(338) |
| F. Bai et al. [57] | 2021 | Italy | Cohort | 57 | 377 | 63.7% | 15.6(59) |
| S. Naik et al. [58] | 2021 | India | Cross sectional | 41.6 | 1234 | 69.4% | 5.5(68) |
| N. Yaksi et al. [59] | 2022 | Turkey | Cohort | 65.7 | 133 | 51.8% | 45.9(61) |
| L. Simani et al. [60] | 2021 | Iran | Cross sectional | 54.62 | 120 | 66.7% | 17.5(21) |
| M. Van Herck et al. [61] | 2021 | Netherlands | Cross sectional | 50 | 239 | 17.2% | 85.4(204) |
| J. Bungenberg et al. [62] | 2022 | Germany | Cross sectional | 50.5 | 50 | 44% | 66(33) |
| F. Zhou et al. [63] | 2020 | China | Cohort | 56 | 191 | 62% | 23(44) |
| S. Mandal et al. [64] | 2020 | London | Cross sectional | 59.9 | 384 | 62% | 69(265) |
| C. Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al. [65] | 2021 | Spain | Cohort | 61 | 1142 | 52.5% | 61(695) |
| Q. Xiong et al. [66] | 2020 | China | cross-sectional cohort | 20–80 | 538 | 45.5% | 28.6(144) |
| KB. Jacobson et al. [67] | 2021 | USA | Cross sectional | 43.3 | 118 | 53.4% | 30.8(36) |
| W. Shendy et al. [68] | 2021 | Egypt | Cross sectional | 34.03 | 81 | 32% | 64.2(52) |
| J. A. Gonzalez-Hermosillo et al. [69] | 2021 | Mexico | Cohort | 51 | 130 | 65.4% | 53(69) |
| S. J. Halpin et al. [70] | 2020 | UK | Cross sectional | 70.5 | 68 | 51.5% | 14.7(10) |
| D. Liu et al. [71] | 2020 | Netherlands | Cross sectional | 43 | 149 | 45% | 26.2(38) |
| L. Tabacof [72] | 2020 | USA | Cross sectional | 44 | 84 | 31% | 92(77) |
| L. G. Jacobs et al. [73] | 2020 | USA | Cross sectional | 57 | 183 | 61.5% | 83.2(149) |
| S. Zou et al. [74] | 2020 | China | Cross sectional | 62.8 | 1063 | 32.6% | 47.1(501) |