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. 2022 Oct 22;200(6):783–792. doi: 10.1007/s00408-022-00580-9

Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted HRs with 95% confidence intervals for mortality from Cox regression for baseline lung function Z-scores

Unadjusted Adjusteda
n HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p
DLCO (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 697 Reference  < 0.001 Reference  < 0.001
 Mild (− 1.64 to − 3) 270 2.47 (1.40, 4.35) 1.86 (1.03, 3.34)
 Moderate (− 3 to − 5) 147 7.49 (4.48, 12.5) 4.40 (2.51, 7.69)
 Severe (< − 5) 51 15.0 (8.45, 26.5) 7.86 (3.84, 16.1)
KCO (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 901 Reference  < 0.001 Reference  < 0.001
 Mild (< − 1.64 to ≥ − 3) 149 2.49 (1.47, 4.24) 1.39 (0.79, 2.44)
 Moderate (< − 3 to ≥ − 5) 97 6.32 (3.99, 10.0) 3.11 (1.82, 5.32)
 Severe (< − 5) 18 14.1 (7.31, 27.1) 6.97 (3.08, 15.8)
VA (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 753 Reference 0.011 Reference 0.014
 Mild (< − 1.64 to ≥ − 3) 324 1.49 (0.98, 2.26) 1.59 (1.03, 2.45)
 Moderate (< − 3 to ≥ − 5) 84 2.40 (1.39, 4.16) 2.09 (1.19, 3.66)
 Severe (< − 5) 4 2.81 (0.39, 20.4) 5.75 (0.76, 43.6)
FEV1 (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 590 Reference  < 0.001 Reference  < 0.001
 Mild (< − 1.64 to ≥ − 3) 364 1.83 (1.05, 2.84) 1.68 (1.00, 2.83)
 Moderate (< − 3 to ≥ − 5) 200 4.07 (2.55, 6.50) 2.98 (1.79, 4.96)
 Severe (< − 5) 11 2.90 (0.69, 12.2) 3.46 (0.78, 15.4)
FVC (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 708 Reference  < 0.001 Reference  < 0.001
 Mild (< − 1.64 to ≥ − 3) 341 2.04 (1.32, 3.16) 2.10 (1.33, 3.30)
 Moderate (< − 3 to ≥ − 5) 111 3.68 (2.24, 6.05) 4.00 (2.37, 6.76)
 Severe (< − 5) 5 2.34 (0.32, 17.1) 3.40 (0.44, 26.3)
FEV1/FVC (Z)
 Normal (≥ − 1.64) 802 Reference  < 0.001 Reference 0.63
 Mild (< − 1.64 to ≥ − 3) 199 1.33 (0.80, 2.24) 1.00 (0.58, 1.69)
 Moderate (< − 3 to ≥ − 5) 151 2.55 (1.61, 4.04) 1.22 (0.74, 2.02)
 Severe (< − 5) 13 4.55 (1.42, 14.6) 2.01 (0.60, 6.79)

Z-scores are derived from Global Lung Function Initiative reference values [20]

DLCO,  diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; KCO, transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide; VA alveolar volume; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity

aAdjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, First Nations status, and respiratory disease