. 2022 Oct 24;22:731. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03804-x

Table 3.

; Examples of extracting codes, categories, and themes from raw data

Meaning unit	Code	Category	Theme
“Patients expect me to receive care according to professional standards of nursing practice and require care to be conducted correctly and appropriately. I did not understand the speaker’s meaning in a CME course, and I did not know the reason for holding these programs”	Lack of attention to Patients’ needs Lack of attention to nurses’ needs prior to designing the program; Lack of interaction with participants	The gap in knowledge contents	Gaps in the planning of the CME program

Meaning unit

Code

Category

Theme

“Patients expect me to receive care according to professional standards of nursing practice and require care to be conducted correctly and appropriately. I did not understand the speaker’s meaning in a CME course, and I did not know the reason for holding these programs”

Lack of attention to Patients’ needs

Lack of attention to nurses’ needs prior to designing the program;

Lack of interaction with participants

The gap in knowledge contents

Gaps in the planning of the CME program