Table 2.
Change in primary and secondary outcomes
| Variable | Telerehabilitation group (n = 24) | Control group (n = 24) | Differences in mean | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Mean differences | Pre | Post | Mean differences | |||
| Painkillers in last 15 days | 2.62 ± 2.90 | 0.20 ± 0.50 | 2.41 [(1.28)–(3.54)] | 3.16 ± 3.14 | 2.66 ± 2.07 | 0.50 [(− 0.23) to (1.23)] | − 4.62 [(− 6.32) to (− 2.92)] | < 0.001 |
| 30 CST | 10.29 ± 2.86 | 17.33 ± 1.12 | − 7.04 [(− 8.10) to (5.91)] | 10.66 ± 2.23 | 12.08 ± 2.32 | − 1.41 [(− 2.13) to (0.70)] | 5.25 [(4.18) − (6.31)] | < 0.001 |
| NRS | 5.25 ± 2.38 | 0.58 ± 1.50 | 4.66 [(3.68) − (5.64)] | 5.58 ± 2.18 | 4.79 ± 2.51 | − 1.75 [(− 2.73) to (− 0.76)] | − 3.83 [(− 5.10) to (2.56)] | < 0.001 |
| KOOS | ||||||||
| Symptoms | 66.79 ± 17.69 | 87.62 ± 14.37 | − 20.83 [(− 28.53) to (− 13.13)] | 55.41 ± 25.81 | 62.87 ± 24.98 | − 7.45 [(− 16.36) to (1.44)] | 24.75 [(12.90) − (36.59)] | < 0.001 |
| Pain | 55.12 ± 20.90 | 87.62 ± 13.68 | − 32.50 [(− 40.82) to (− 24.17)] | 46.54 ± 22.71 | 56.66 ± 26.31 | − 10.12 [(− 21.17) to (0.92)] | 30.95 [(18.77)–(43.14)] | < 0.001 |
| Functional status—daily living activities | 59.87 ± 21.71 | 90.83 ± 12.48 | − 30.95 [(− 39.93) to (21.98)] | 49.54 ± 27.68 | 61.29 ± 27.66 | − 11.75 [(− 23.35) to (− 0.14)] | 29.54 [(17.07)–(42.01)] | < 0.001 |
| Functional status—ports and leisure activities | 32.50 ± 25.91 | 75.20 ± 21.39 | − 42.70 [(− 52.33) to (33.08)] | 36.25 ± 31.21 | 45.00 ± 32.90 | − 8.75 [(− 19.24) to (1.74)] | 30.20 [(14.08)–(46.33)] | < 0.001 |
| Knee related QoL | 39.87 ± 16.55 | 69.41 ± 18.90 | − 29.54 [(− 35.99) to (23.09)] | 40.75 ± 23.61 | 45.45 ± 24.38 | − 4.70 [(− 14.16) to (4.74)] | 23.95 [(11.28)–(36.63)] | < 0.001 |
| Total | 51.04 ± 17.89 | 82.00 ± 14.60 | − 30.95 [(− 37.87) to (− 24.04)] | 45.70 ± 24.27 | 54.33 ± 25.90 | − 8.62 [(− 17.84) to (0.59)] | 27.66 [(15.44)–(39.88)] | < 0.001 |
| HADS | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 8.54 ± 3.92 | 4.29 ± 2.57 | 4.25 [(2.41)–(6.08)] | 8.62 ± 3.60 | 6.91 ± 3.39 | 1.70 [(0.55)–(2.86)] | − 2.62 [(− 4.37) to (− 0.87)] | 0.004 |
| Depression | 5.83 ± 2.88 | 2.70 ± 2.38 | 3.12 [(1.87)–(4.37)] | 7.20 ± 3.17 | 5.41 ± 2.79 | 1.79 [(0.72)–(2.86)] | − 2.70 [(− 4.21) to (− 1.19)] | 0.001 |
| Total | 14.37 ± 5.03 | 7.00 ± 4.07 | 7.37 [(4.88)–(9.86)] | 15.83 ± 5.96 | 12.33 ± 5.66 | 3.58 [(1.97)–(5.19)] | − 5.33 [(− 8.20) to (− 2.46)] | 0.001 |
| TAMPA Kinesiophobia | 41.58 ± 4.28 | 35.04 ± 6.51 | 6.54 [(3.34)–(9.74)] | 44.08 ± 6.77 | 39.83 ± 5.18 | 4.25 [(1.00)–(7.49)] | − 4.79 [(− 8.21) to (1.36)] | 0.007 |
| FSS | 5.07 ± 1.01 | 2.95 ± 1.28 | 2.11 [(1.56)–(2.66)] | 5.26 ± 1.44 | 4.87 ± 1.16 | 0.39 [(− 0.08) to (0.86)] | − 1.91 [(− 2.62) to (− 1.20)] | < 0.001 |
| IPAQ-SF, MET-min/week | 569.25 ± 613.27 | 1225.58 ± 829.37 | − 656.33 [(− 1067.17) to (− 245.48)] | 647.14 ± 637.14 | 727.58 ± 360.75 | − 183.66 [(− 450.93) to (83.60)] | 394.77 [(19.05)–(770.48)] | 0,040 |
30 CST 30-s chair stand test, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, KOOS Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score, QoL quality of life, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, MET metabolic equivalent, min minute