Table 1.
Demographics of the patients in the included studies
| Authors | Location | Type of study | COVID-19 patients with IBD, N | Age(years) | Female, N (%) | Compare population, N | Patients with adverse outcomes, N | IBD drugs | Comorbidities, N | Inclusion criteria | NOS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBD Comparators | ||||||||||||
| Ardizzone et al. [18] | Italy | Retrospective Cohort | 7 (4 UC, 3 CD) | 56 (26–78) | 4(57.1) | 85,481 |
4 (2 UC, 2 CD) Death: 2 |
42,942 Death:15,597 |
5-ASA 1 Steroid 1 Biologicals 7 |
2 | a and c | 7 |
| Maconi et al. [22] | Italy | Case control | 2 | NA | NA | 10 | 1 | 6 | NA | NA | a | 6 |
| Singh et al. [25] | multiple health care organizations (HCOs) globally | Retrospective Cohort | 232 | 51.2 ± 18.1 | 147 (63.4) | 232 | 56 | 60 |
5-ASA 32 Steroid 111 IMS 62 Biologicals 37 |
Essential hypertension: 121 COPD and asthma: 91 DM: 62 |
a | 7 |
| Attauabi et al. [26] | Denmark | Prospective Cohort | 516 (319 UC, 197 CD) |
UC 48 (35–61) CD 44 (30–59) |
270 (52.3) | 230,087 |
70 (46 UC, 24 CD) Death:15 |
13,306 Death: 516 |
NA | 365 | a and c | 6 |
| Curtis et al. [37] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 811 | 52 (18–89) | 428 (52.8) | 311,563 |
155 Death: 23 |
48,423 Death: 7937 |
Steroid 198 Anti-TNF 76 JAK 11 Tofacitinib 11 |
Hypertension: 1088 Hyperlipidemia:827 DM: 479 Coronary artery disease: 356 COPD: 288 |
a | 7 |
| Hadi et al. [38] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 4310 (2082 UC, 2190 CD) | 49.7 ± 18.19 | 2503 (58.1) | 4310 |
515 (272 UC,235 CD) Death: 90 |
441 Death: 95 |
NA |
Hypertension: 1934 Heart failure: 464 Chronic lower: 1499 DM: 868 |
a and c | 7 |
| Ludvigsson et al. [39] | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 811 | NA | NA | 2890 |
IBD 202 Death:53 |
558 Death: 122 |
NA | NA | a | 7 |
| Attauabi et al. [36] | Denmark | Prospective cohort | 76 (45 UC, 31 CD) |
UC 51 (39–70) CD 54 (38–62) |
31 (40.8) | 7945 | Death: 4 | Death: 460 |
5-ASA 37 Steroid 6 IMS 16 Biologicals 18 |
26 | a | 6 |
| Sima et al. [40] | Iran | Prospective cohort | 84 (60 UC, 24 CD) | 43.35 ± 14.1 | 35 (41.6) | 49 |
36 (28 UC, 8 CD) Death: 1 |
8 Death: 1 |
5-ASA 59 Steroid 13 IMS 28 Anti-TNF 20 |
Hypertension: 11 Chronic Liver disease:8 DM: 7 COPD: 6 |
a, b and c | 7 |
| Allocca et al. [23] | France, Italy | Retrospective cohort | 15 (6 UC,9 CD) | 39 (26–61) | 11 (73.3) | NA | 5 (3 UC, 2 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 1 Steroid 2 IMS 3 Biologicals 11 |
9 | b and c | 6 |
| Axelrad et al. [41] | USA | Case series | 84 (27 UC, 56 CD) | 35 (27–45) | 39 (47) | NA | 5 (1 UC, 4 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 13 Steroid 10 IMS 6 Biologicals 58 (anti-TNF 44) |
Organ transplantation: 2 Kidney disease: 1 Hypertension: 3 DM: 1 COPD: 1 |
b and c | NA |
| Bezzio et al. [50] | Italy | Prospective cohort | 11 | NA | 101 (41.6) | NA | 2 | NA |
Steroid 9 Biologicals 2 |
93 | c | 7 |
| Burke et al. [42] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 39 (22 UC, 17 CD) | 45.6 ± 18.8 | 24 (62) | NA | 7 (5 UC, 2 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 12 IMS 3 Biologicals 20 (anti-TNF 13) |
Obesity: 11 DM: 3 Hypertension: 7 Asthma: 4 |
b and c | 7 |
| Conley et al. [48] | UK | Prospective cohort | 42 (28 UC, 14 CD) | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | NA | b | 6 |
| Kornbluth et al. [43] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 65 (24 UC, 41 CD) | 39 (17–71) | NA | NA | 3 (3 UC, 0 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 5 Steroid 2 IMS 1 Biologicals 37 Antibiotics 2 |
NA | b | 6 |
| Lamb et al. [44] | UK | Retrospective cohort | 211 (109UC, 86 CD) | NA | 94 (44.6) | NA | 56 (37UC,16 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 91 Steroid 10 IMS 34 Biologicals 95 (Anti-TNF 32) |
COPD: 15 Hypertension: 52 DM: 31 Obesity: 11 |
b and c | 7 |
| Lee et al. [49] | South Korea | Case series | 9 (7 UC, 2 CD) | 42 (21–64) | 3 (33.3) | NA | 0 | NA |
5-ASA 7 Steroid 1 IMS 2, Biologicals 2 |
1 | b | NA |
| Rizzello et al. [46] | Italy | Cross-sectional | 26 (11 UC, 15 CD) | 49 (24–86) | 14 (53.8) | NA | 7 (4 UC, 3 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 19 Steroid 4 IMS 1 Biologicals 4 |
10 | b and c | NA |
| Taxonera et al. [33] | Spain | Case series | 12 (5 UC, 7 CD) | 51 (20–76) | 9 (75.0) | NA | 8 (5 UC, 3 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 4 IMS 6 Biologicals 5 |
5 | b and c | NA |
| Wetwittayakhlang et al. [47] | Canada | Retrospective cohort | 82 (19 UC, 63 CD) | 39 (27–48) | 41 (50.0) | NA | 6 (2 UC, 4 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 18 Steroid 9 IMS 3 Biologicals 59 Antibiotics 3 |
CVD: 8 Chronic lung disease: 7 DM: 5 Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2): 14 Malignancies: 2 |
b and c | 6 |
| Nakase et al. [45] | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 187 (104 UC, 74 CD) | 42.0 ± 15.6 | 72 (38.5) | NA | 12 (11 UC,1 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 144 Steroid 14 IMS 57 Anti-TNF 74 |
DM: 5 CKD: 4 Liver diseases: 8 CVD: 4 All: 56 |
b and c | 7 |
| Bezzio et al. [34] | Italy | Prospective cohort | 937 (446 UC, 491 CD) | 44 (10–86) | 424 (45.3) | NA | 165 (83 UC, 82 CD) | NA |
5-ASA 492 Steroid 122 IMS 101 Biologicals 512 (anti-TNF 346) |
376 | b | 7 |
| Khan et al. [51] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 649 | NA | NA | NA | 149 | NA |
5-ASA 247 Steroid 61 IMS 92 Biologicals 173 |
NA | c | 6 |
| Zabana et al. [52] | Spain | Prospective cohort | 482 (221 UC, 247 CD) | 52 (42–61) | 231 (48) | NA | 167 | NA |
5-ASA 202 Steroid 26 IMS 113 Biologicals 117 (anti-TNF 117) |
NA | b | 7 |
The values of age are median (interquartile range, IQR) or mean ± standard deviation (SD)
NA data not available, 5-ASA mesalazine, IMS immunomodulators including azathioprine, mercaptopurine and methotrexate, JAK JAK inhibitor, DM diabetes mellitus, CKD chronic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, NOS Newcastle–Ottawa scale