Table 2.
Risks of fetal ASM-induced neuropsychological developmental impairments in humans based on current data.
| Data on Risks | Unknown Risks | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Risks | Acetazolamide | Lacosamide |
| Phenobarbital | Briviracetam | Lorazepam |
| Valproate | Cannabidiol | Midazolam |
| Intermediate Risks | Cenobamate | Perampanel |
| Carbamazepine | Clobazam | Primidone |
| Phenytoin | Diazepam | Rufinamide |
| Possible Risks | Eslicarbazepine | Stiripentol |
| Clonazepam | Ethosuximide | Sulthiame |
| Oxcarbazepine | Everolimus | Tiagabine |
| Pregabalin | Felbamate | Topiramate |
| Lowest Risks | Fenfluramine | Vigabatrin |
| Lamotrigine | Gabapentin | Zonisamide |
| Levetiracetam | ||
ASMs = antiseizure medications.