Table A5.

Comparison of optimization results under CEC17 test functions, dimension = 30, maximum iterations = 500.

$\mathbb{F}$	ESOA		PSO [16]		GA [5]		DE [6]		GWO [18]		HHO [83]
	ave	std	ave	std	ave	std	ave	std	ave	std	ave	std
1	$1.11\times {10}^9$	$2.07\times {10}^8$	$5.80\times {10}^{11}$	$1.41\times {10}^{11}$	$1.50\times {10}^7$	$2.10\times {10}^7$	$6.51\times {10}^6$	$3.90\times {10}^6$	$2.20\times {10}^{10}$	$1.51\times {10}^{10}$	$4.25\times {10}^{11}$	$1.31\times {10}^{10}$
2	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf
3	$3.72\times {10}^4$	$6.90\times {10}^3$	$8.35\times {10}^4$	$2.45\times {10}^4$	$1.58\times {10}^5$	$4.99\times {10}^4$	$1.20\times {10}^5$	$8.52\times {10}^3$	$5.03\times {10}^4$	$9.53\times {10}^3$	$8.62\times {10}^4$	$5.54\times {10}^3$
4	$5.15\times {10}^2$	$1.79\times {10}^1$	$5.63\times {10}^3$	$3.47\times {10}^3$	$5.83\times {10}^2$	$3.98\times {10}^1$	$5.46\times {10}^2$	$7.83$	$6.19\times {10}^2$	$9.33\times {10}^1$	$9.69\times {10}^3$	$1.90\times {10}^3$
5	$6.24\times {10}^2$	$1.11\times {10}^1$	$8.06\times {10}^2$	$3.65\times {10}^1$	$6.28\times {10}^2$	$3.11\times {10}^1$	$6.82\times {10}^2$	$1.71\times {10}^1$	$6.22\times {10}^2$	$4.49\times {10}^1$	$8.57\times {10}^2$	$2.66\times {10}^1$
6	$6.42\times {10}^2$	$6.02$	$6.80\times {10}^2$	$4.24$	$6.42\times {10}^2$	$5.96$	$6.12\times {10}^2$	$1.47$	$6.24\times {10}^2$	$7.32$	$6.91\times {10}^2$	$8.59$
7	$9.63\times {10}^2$	$2.03\times {10}^1$	$1.97\times {10}^3$	$4.73\times {10}^2$	$1.04\times {10}^3$	$9.48\times {10}^1$	$9.25\times {10}^2$	$1.72\times {10}^1$	$9.75\times {10}^2$	$2.10\times {10}^1$	$1.35\times {10}^3$	$1.68\times {10}^1$
8	$9.42\times {10}^2$	$1.47\times {10}^1$	$1.12\times {10}^3$	$2.79\times {10}^1$	$9.22\times {10}^2$	$3.39\times {10}^1$	$9.91\times {10}^2$	$8.15$	$9.21\times {10}^2$	$6.61\times {10}^1$	$1.10\times {10}^3$	$2.01\times {10}^1$
9	$3.42\times {10}^3$	$1.02\times {10}^3$	$8.88\times {10}^3$	$2.05\times {10}^3$	$2.87\times {10}^3$	$7.05\times {10}^2$	$1.06\times {10}^3$	$6.84\times {10}^1$	$3.22\times {10}^3$	$1.12\times {10}^3$	$6.68\times {10}^3$	$6.98\times {10}^2$
10	$5.01\times {10}^3$	$2.31\times {10}^2$	$6.07\times {10}^3$	$6.30\times {10}^2$	$4.39\times {10}^3$	$6.59\times {10}^2$	$7.95\times {10}^3$	$2.48\times {10}^2$	$5.75\times {10}^3$	$1.88\times {10}^3$	$7.75\times {10}^3$	$2.53\times {10}^2$
11	$1.36\times {10}^3$	$2.26\times {10}^1$	$2.03\times {10}^3$	$3.40\times {10}^2$	$8.53\times {10}^3$	$7.78\times {10}^3$	$1.45\times {10}^3$	$4.09\times {10}^1$	$1.80\times {10}^3$	$8.27\times {10}^2$	$9.61\times {10}^3$	$1.65\times {10}^3$
12	$3.65\times {10}^7$	$9.99\times {10}^6$	$1.98\times {10}^{10}$	$7.39\times {10}^9$	$1.08\times {10}^7$	$6.31\times {10}^6$	$3.99\times {10}^7$	$1.41\times {10}^7$	$9.09\times {10}^8$	$1.15\times {10}^9$	$4.28\times {10}^{10}$	$2.13\times {10}^{10}$
13	$3.72\times {10}^6$	$9.00\times {10}^5$	$3.51\times {10}^{10}$	$2.95\times {10}^{10}$	$1.89\times {10}^5$	$3.41\times {10}^5$	$1.16\times {10}^7$	$9.35\times {10}^6$	$3.76\times {10}^6$	$4.83\times {10}^6$	$1.85\times {10}^{10}$	$1.22\times {10}^{10}$
14	$4.34\times {10}^4$	$4.59\times {10}^4$	$7.38\times {10}^4$	$4.67\times {10}^4$	$1.31\times {10}^6$	$1.02\times {10}^6$	$1.73\times {10}^5$	$4.02\times {10}^4$	$9.28\times {10}^5$	$1.29\times {10}^6$	$6.44\times {10}^6$	$4.64\times {10}^6$
15	$2.19\times {10}^5$	$1.13\times {10}^5$	$1.05\times {10}^{10}$	$6.13\times {10}^9$	$1.59\times {10}^4$	$9.15\times {10}^3$	$9.86\times {10}^5$	$4.10\times {10}^5$	$2.18\times {10}^5$	$2.24\times {10}^5$	$9.19\times {10}^8$	$1.71\times {10}^9$
16	$2.59\times {10}^3$	$9.49\times {10}^1$	$3.76\times {10}^3$	$5.73\times {10}^2$	$3.01\times {10}^3$	$3.48\times {10}^2$	$3.16\times {10}^3$	$1.42\times {10}^2$	$2.47\times {10}^3$	$3.26\times {10}^2$	$5.35\times {10}^3$	$9.24\times {10}^2$
17	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf
18	$1.88\times {10}^5$	$6.05\times {10}^4$	$4.02\times {10}^6$	$6.21\times {10}^6$	$4.40\times {10}^6$	$3.37\times {10}^6$	$2.00\times {10}^6$	$4.06\times {10}^5$	$1.32\times {10}^6$	$1.11\times {10}^6$	$2.64\times {10}^7$	$2.31\times {10}^7$
19	$1.21\times {10}^6$	$5.37\times {10}^5$	$3.96\times {10}^9$	$6.97\times {10}^9$	$2.81\times {10}^3$	$7.51\times {10}^2$	$1.90\times {10}^6$	$1.01\times {10}^6$	$1.69\times {10}^6$	$1.64\times {10}^6$	$1.06\times {10}^9$	$8.97\times {10}^8$
20	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf
21	$2.42\times {10}^3$	$1.13\times {10}^1$	$2.57\times {10}^3$	$6.65\times {10}^1$	$2.42\times {10}^3$	$4.06\times {10}^1$	$2.48\times {10}^3$	$1.01\times {10}^1$	$2.40\times {10}^3$	$3.21\times {10}^1$	$2.67\times {10}^3$	$2.29\times {10}^1$
22	$2.34\times {10}^3$	$4.65$	$7.28\times {10}^3$	$7.83\times {10}^2$	$3.99\times {10}^3$	$2.10\times {10}^3$	$3.12\times {10}^3$	$7.51\times {10}^2$	$6.66\times {10}^3$	$1.64\times {10}^3$	$8.69\times {10}^3$	$1.06\times {10}^3$
23	$2.81\times {10}^3$	$1.30\times {10}^1$	$3.05\times {10}^3$	$1.08\times {10}^2$	$2.80\times {10}^3$	$2.66\times {10}^1$	$2.83\times {10}^3$	$8.08$	$2.80\times {10}^3$	$6.46\times {10}^1$	$3.40\times {10}^3$	$9.57\times {10}^1$
24	$2.97\times {10}^3$	$1.96\times {10}^1$	$3.19\times {10}^3$	$4.96\times {10}^1$	$2.98\times {10}^3$	$3.35\times {10}^1$	$3.02\times {10}^3$	$7.32$	$2.99\times {10}^3$	$5.33\times {10}^1$	$3.47\times {10}^3$	$1.42\times {10}^2$
25	$2.92\times {10}^3$	$1.61\times {10}^1$	$5.81\times {10}^3$	$1.71\times {10}^3$	$2.93\times {10}^3$	$3.34\times {10}^1$	$2.89\times {10}^3$	$3.17$	$2.98\times {10}^3$	$2.69\times {10}^1$	$4.30\times {10}^3$	$4.33\times {10}^2$
26	$3.10\times {10}^3$	$6.47\times {10}^1$	$8.42\times {10}^3$	$7.39\times {10}^2$	$5.72\times {10}^3$	$3.13\times {10}^2$	$5.48\times {10}^3$	$1.40\times {10}^2$	$4.66\times {10}^3$	$2.34\times {10}^2$	$1.06\times {10}^4$	$1.17\times {10}^3$
27	$3.23\times {10}^3$	$1.15\times {10}^1$	$3.39\times {10}^3$	$8.99\times {10}^1$	$3.25\times {10}^3$	$1.70\times {10}^1$	$3.26\times {10}^3$	$7.45$	$3.24\times {10}^3$	$9.68$	$3.99\times {10}^3$	$2.17\times {10}^2$
28	$3.31\times {10}^3$	$1.09\times {10}^1$	$6.75\times {10}^3$	$1.12\times {10}^3$	$3.31\times {10}^3$	$2.93\times {10}^1$	$3.29\times {10}^3$	$9.66$	$3.46\times {10}^3$	$6.61\times {10}^1$	$6.21\times {10}^3$	$3.03\times {10}^2$
29	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf	inf