Table 2.
Key components of the Wnt signaling pathway retrieved from the database. For each gene, we list the gene name, the gene group it belongs to, and its role in the pathway. In addition, for each resource – EchinoDB, EchinoidDB, and OphiuroidDB – we show the number of sequences retrieved using keyword and BLAST search. Column search type represents K for keyword search and B for BLAST search. Number 0 indicates that no sequence was found in the database for that gene
| Group | Gene Function | Name | Search Type | EchinoDB | EchinoidDB | OphiuroidDB | Cite |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Part of the β-catenin destruction complex | APC | B | 32 | 2 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Part of the β-catenin destruction complex | Axin | K | 54 | 1 | 2 | [73] |
| Regulator | Phosphorylates β-catenin and the cytoplasmic tail of LRP. Part of the β-catenin destruction complex | CK1 | B | 225 | 4 | 2 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Binds to LRP | Dickkopf | B | 2 | 2 | 2 | [73] |
| Regulator | Mediates the recruitment of Axin to the plasmalemma in the ON state of the pathway | Dishevelled | K | 68 | 1 | 4 | [73] |
| Receptor | Wnt receptors | Frizzled | B | 500 | 8 | 7 | [73, 84] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Transcriptional co-repressor. Binds to TCF in the OFF state of the pathway | Groucho | K | 330 | 6 | 3 | [73] |
| Regulator | Phosphorylates β-catenin and the cytoplasmic tail of LRP. Part of the β-catenin destruction complex | GSK3 | K | 56 | 1 | 0 | [73] |
| Receptor | Dickkopf receptor. Mediates repression of the Wnt pathway | Kremen | B | 413 | 45 | 49 | [73, 85] |
| Regulator | Pathway enhancer. Receptor for R-spondin | Lgr5 | B | 500 | 1 | 4 | [73] |
| Receptor | Wnt co-receptor | LRP | B | 165 | 11 | 9 | [73] |
| Ligand | Alternative ligand for the Wnt receptors | Norrin | B | 3 | 0 | 0 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Inactivates Wnt in the extracellular space through enzymatic action | Notum (Wingful) | K | 43 | 1 | 0 | [73, 86] |
| Modifier | Palmitoyl transferase, attaches palmitoleic acid to Wnt | Porcupine | K | 23 | 1 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Wnt target gene | Rnf43 | B | 189 | 7 | 9 | [73] |
| Regulator | Pathway enhancer | R-spondin | K | 12 | 1 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Binds to LRP | Sclerostin | K | 17 | 1 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulators. Sequester Wnts in the extracellular space | sFRPs | B | 153 | 4 | 4 | [84] |
| Transcription Factor | Transcriptional factors regulated by the Wnt pathway. Repress the target genes in the OFF state. Acitvate transctiption of the same genes in the ON state | TCF/Lef | K | 48 | 2 | 1 | [73] |
| Receptor | Norrin-specific co-receptor | Tspan12 | B | 146 | 5 | 4 | [73] |
| Ligand | Paracrine/juxtacrine signaling molecules | Wnt | K | 10 | 10 | 7 | [73, 84] |
| Auxiliary protein | Specific intracellular transporter of Wnts | Wntless/Evi (Wls) | K | 44 | 2 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Negative regulator. Wnt target gene | Znrf3 | B | 234 | 1 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Main modulator of the pathway | β-catenin | K | 255 | 3 | 1 | [73] |
| Regulator | Ubiquitinates the phosphorylate β-catenin thus targeting it for proteosomal destruction | β-TrCP | B | 33 | 5 | 2 | [73] |