Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for survival
| Related factors | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Gender | 0.296 | |||||
| Male | 1.000 | |||||
| Female | 0.658 | 0.300–1.433 | ||||
| Age (years) | 0.333 | |||||
| < 60 | 1.000 | |||||
| ≥ 60 | 0.691 | 0.327–1.460 | ||||
| Primary tumor location: distance from the anal verge (cm) | 0.856 | |||||
| > 5 | 1.000 | |||||
| ≤ 5 | 0.933 | 0.443–1.965 | ||||
| Type of local recurrence | 0.159 | |||||
| Anastomotic recurrence | 1.000 | |||||
| Regional lymph node metastasis | 0.461 | 0.205–1.038 | ||||
| Undetermined pelvic recurrence | 0.565 | 0.182–1.751 | ||||
| Distant metastasis | 0.023 | 0.068 | ||||
| Liver/lung/localized lymph node | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 3 or more organs/structures involved or peritoneal metastases | 2.464 | 1.132–5.362 | 2.106 | 0.947–4.684 | ||
| Localized abdominal recurrence | 0.060 | |||||
| 0 | 1.000 | |||||
| 1–3 | 0.695 | 0.279–1.734 | ||||
| > 3 | 2.011 | 0.696–5.806 | ||||
| Peritoneal metastases | 0.023 | 0.513 | ||||
| 0–5 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| > 5 | 2.637 | 1.140–6.099 | 1.380 | 0.526–3.623 | ||
| Type of surgery of primary tumor | 0.268 | |||||
| Anterior resection | 1.000 | |||||
| Abdominoperineal resection | 2.064 | 0.857–4.971 | ||||
| Others | 1.111 | 0.257–4.815 | ||||
| T stage of primary tumor | 0.362 | |||||
| T1-2 | 1.000 | |||||
| T3 | 1.668 | 0.220–12.624 | ||||
| T4 | 0.965 | 0.121–7.668 | ||||
| N stage of primary tumor | 0.424 | |||||
| N0 | 1.000 | |||||
| N1 | 0.979 | 0.441–2.174 | ||||
| N2 | 1.904 | 0.652–5.565 | ||||
| Tumor grade of primary tumor | 0.199 | |||||
| G1-2 | 1.000 | |||||
| G3 | 0.551 | 0.222–1.368 | ||||
| Preoperative treatment of primary tumor | 0.242 | |||||
| Chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy | 1.000 | |||||
| None | 1.801 | 0.673–4.822 | ||||
| Time to recurrence | 0.233 | |||||
| < 24 months | 1.000 | |||||
| 24–36 months | 3.074 | 0.835–11.315 | ||||
| > 36 months | 1.779 | 0.599–5.290 | ||||
| No evidence of disease | 0.014 | 0.032 | ||||
| NED | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Non-NED | 2.727 | 1.229–6.049 | 2.419 | 1.078–5.427 | ||