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. 2022 Oct 24;10:181. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01371-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Diversity in viral community activity. A Beta diversity of DNA viral community activity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plots, representing the dissimilarities between gene transcript abundances, for each growth stage. Ordinations represent DNA viral activity at seedling (n = 6696), DNA viral activity at stem extension (n = 7958), and DNA viral activity at pre-harvest (n = 11,299). Shapes are coloured based on field crop rotation strategy: continuous cropping (orange) and virgin rotation (blue). Shapes indicate compartment: bulk soil (circles) and rhizosphere soil (triangles). Stress values associated with two-dimensional ordination are reported for each plot. B Variation in community activity explained by soil compartment and crop rotation. PERMANOVA results describe the variance in viral community activity explained by soil compartment and crop rotation, respectively, for each growth stage. Points are coloured based on community: DNA viral (red)