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. 2022 Oct 20;15:2407–2418. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S379708

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© 2022 Ma et al.

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Comparison of gut microbiota in elderly patients with chronic constipation before and after treatment. (A). Predominant phyla in both groups. (B). The relative abundance of genera that could distinguish chronic constipation from before and after flaxseeds treatment is plotted on a logarithmic scale, and values of zero are assigned 1e-06.*P < 0.05,**P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001. (C). The relative abundance of species that could distinguish chronic constipation from before and after flaxseeds treatment is plotted on a logarithmic scale, and values of zero are assigned 1e-06.*P < 0.05,***P < 0.0001. (D). Histogram of linear discriminant analysis scores for differently abundant genera. (E). PCoA diagram based on relative abundance (97% similarity). Each symbol represents a sample. Green symbol indicates patients with chronic constipation before treatment and red symbol indicates those after treatment.