Table 1.

Flavors in e-liquid and some of the main flavoring chemicals they are composed of.

Flavoring chemical	Common flavors with chemical agents	References
Cinnamaldehyde, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde	Cinnamon	(Behar et al., 2014; Gerloff et al., 2017)
3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde	Cherry	(Kavvalakis et al., 2015)
2,5-dimethylpyrazine	Chocolate	(Kavvalakis et al., 2015)
Maltol, ethyl maltol	Caramel, Vanilla	(Gerloff et al., 2017; Tierney et al.,2016)
Menthol, Menthone	Mint	(Berkelhamer et al., 2019)
p-Anisaldehyde	Anise	(Behar et al., 2018a; Berkelhamer et al., 2019; Noël et al. 2020b)
Benzaldehyde	Almond	(Behar et al., 2018a; Berkelhamer et al., 2019)
Vanillin, O-vanillin	Vanilla	(Behar et al., 2014; Gerloff et al., 2017; Muthumalage et al. 2018)
Hexyl acetate, 3-Hexen-1-ol	Apple	(Kerasioti et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2018)
Isoamyl acetate	Banana	(Fetterman et al., 2018)
Methyl cinnamate	Balsamic, Strawberry	(Berkelhamer et al., 2019; Leigh et al.,2016)
Methyl anthranilate	Berry	(Tierney et al. 2016)
Other flavoring agents less known: Damascenone (α or β), 3-methyl-1,2- cyclopentanedione, acetamide, linalool, terpineol, citral, corylon, anisaldehyde, trimethylpyrazine, eugenol, benzaldehyde, limonene	Miscellaneous	(Gerloff et al., 2017; Tierney et al., 2016)