Table 2.
OD Comparison with/without Ascorbic Acid
| Chemical | Classification | ROS/CL | OS I | OS II | ΔOD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg. OD | SE | Avg. OD | SE | Avg. | |||
| 1 | True Negative | No evidence1 | 226.0 | 8.9 | 264.7 | 11.5 | 38.7 |
| 2 | True Negative | No evidence | 229.7 | 10.2 | 257.7 | 10.1 | 28.0 |
| 3 | True Negative | Y (Zhang, 2015)2 | 246.7 | 6.7 | 271.7 | 14.9 | 25.0 |
| 4 | True Negative | No evidence | 253.7 | 12.3 | 257.7 | 14.3 | 4.0 |
| 5 | True Negative | No evidence | 267.0 | 8.4 | 261.3 | 20.2 | −5.7 |
| 6 | True Negative | No evidence | 268.7 | 28.5 | 247.0 | 8.9 | −21.7 |
| 7 | True Negative | No evidence | 279.3 | 17.9 | 267.0 | 10.4 | −12.3 |
| 8 | True Negative | Y (Lee, 2010) | 286.3 | 15.1 | 298.0 | 9.5 | 11.7 |
| 9 | True Negative | Y (Metelko, 1989; Han, 2014) | 291.3 | 11.3 | 301.7 | 15.3 | 10.3 |
| 10 | True Negative | No evidence | 316.0 | 32.5 | 302.3 | 11.1 | −13.7 |
| 11 | True Negative | Y (Zhu, 2021) | 321.0 | 23.1 | 272.7 | 10.2 | −48.3 |
| 12 | True Negative | No evidence | 322.0 | 28.9 | 271.3 | 8.1 | −50.7 |
| 13 | True Negative | No evidence | 343.3 | 30.3 | 323.3 | 7.6 | −20.0 |
| 14 | True Negative | No evidence | 346.0 | 10.3 | 376.7 | 40.3 | 30.7 |
| 15 | True Negative | No evidence | 346.7 | 13.6 | 330.3 | 32.1 | −16.3 |
| 16 | True Negative | Y (Iza, 1998; Divakaran, 2014) | 354.3 | 31.8 | 331.7 | 13.7 | −22.7 |
| 17 | True Negative | No evidence | 350.3 | 10.4 | 325.7 | 15.7 | −24.7 |
| 18 | True Negative | No evidence | 444.3 | 14.4 | 416.3 | 14.8 | −28.0 |
| 19 | False Positive | No evidence | 323.3 | 11.2 | 354.0 | 8.5 | 30.7 |
| 20 | False Positive | No evidence | 543.3 | 4.3 | 478.7 | 40.5 | −64.7 |
| 21 | False Positive | No evidence | 798.0 | 6.9 | 674.3 | 17.3 | −123.7 |
| 22 | False Positive | No evidence | 1059.7 | 48.6 | 939.0 | 23.8 | −120.7 |
| 23 | False Positive | No evidence | 1325.0 | 31.7 | 1306.0 | 64.1 | −19.0 |
| 24 | False Positive | No evidence | 2888.0 | 20.5 | 2859.0 | 42.8 | −29.0 |
| 25 | False Positive | Y (Nishide, 1977; Sriram, 2001) | 377.7 | 11.8 | 292.7 | 11.3 | −85.0 |
| 26 | False Positive | Y (Lou, 2000; Zhao, 2006) | 453.3 | 27.9 | 253.7 | 5.0 | −199.7 |
| 27 | False Positive | Y (Wu, 2002) | 463.3 | 21.9 | 307.3 | 3.0 | −156.0 |
| 28 | False Positive | Y (Zhu, 2012; Mikulas, 2018) | 543.7 | 63.4 | 319.3 | 23.6 | −224.3 |
| 29 | False Positive | No evidence | 680.3 | 14.4 | 481.3 | 5.4 | −199.0 |
| 30 | False Positive | Y (Adedara, 2014; Bodin, 2003) | 734.7 | 7.3 | 433.3 | 2.2 | −301.3 |
| 31 | False Positive | No evidence | 740.3 | 3.5 | 419.0 | 25.7 | −321.3 |
| 32 | False Positive | Y (Palmlof, 2000; Smedburg, 1997) | 763.7 | 61.6 | 429.7 | 68.2 | −334.0 |
| 33 | False Positive | Y (Di Tommaso, 2011; Clark, 2001) | 785.7 | 18.2 | 583.0 | 17.0 | −202.7 |
| 34 | False Positive | Y (Zhang, 2017; Belvedere, 1981) | 1440.3 | 176.8 | 276.0 | 15.1 | −1164.3 |
| 35 | False Positive | Y (Cavalli, 1975; Baj, 1991) | 1579.7 | 25.2 | 845.7 | 40.5 | −734.0 |
| 36 | False Positive | Y (Chirila, 1991; Garcia, 2002) | 2953.0 | 29.5 | 377.0 | 16.3 | −2576.0 |
| 37 | True Positive | No evidence | 1032.3 | 20.3 | 930.0 | 7.8 | −102.3 |
| 38 | True Positive | No evidence | 2064.0 | 15.3 | 2075.7 | 46.5 | 11.7 |
| 39 | True Positive | No evidence | 1381.7 | 21.8 | 1365.0 | 66.0 | −16.7 |
| 40 | True Positive | No evidence | 1409.3 | 46.8 | 1261.0 | 25.2 | −148.3 |
| 41 | True Positive | Y (Shrager, 1969; Kuykendalll, 1992) | 1840.7 | 20.7 | 1473.7 | 73.7 | −367.0 |
| 42 | True Positive | Y (Hong, 2008) | 605.7 | 3.2 | 551.0 | 16.9 | −54.7 |
| 43 | True Positive | Y (Amara, 2015; Jaballi, 2017) | 1954.7 | 125.5 | 2412.7 | 76.3 | 458.0 |
| 44 | True Positive | No evidence | 796.3 | 49.0 | 604.0 | 94.0 | −192.3 |
| 45 | True Positive | No evidence | 640.7 | 35.0 | 630.3 | 19.6 | −10.3 |
| 46 | True Positive | No evidence | 1457.3 | 47.1 | 1335.7 | 26.2 | −121.7 |
| 47 | True Positive | No evidence | 1098.7 | 9.6 | 986.7 | 24.0 | −112.0 |
| 48 | True Positive | No evidence | 2091.7 | 11.6 | 1896.3 | 39.3 | −195.3 |
| 49 | True Positive | No evidence | 965.0 | 34.9 | 861.3 | 20.0 | −103.7 |
| 50 | True Positive | Y (Buonocore, 2010) | 1150.0 | 22.9 | 1236.0 | 20.2 | 86.0 |
| 51 | True Positive | Y (Brown, 1954) | 1701.7 | 30.9 | 1608.3 | 14.3 | −93.3 |
| 52 | True Positive | No evidence | 990.7 | 25.9 | 1053.0 | 81.5 | 62.3 |
| 53 | True Positive | No evidence | 909.7 | 12.7 | 880.0 | 63.3 | −29.7 |
| 54 | True Positive | No evidence | 638.0 | 21.4 | 614.3 | 34.9 | −23.7 |
| 55 | True Positive | No evidence | 840.0 | 67.9 | 634.0 | 10.0 | −206.0 |
| 56 | True Positive | No evidence | 1566.0 | 3.8 | 1420.7 | 27.7 | −145.3 |
| 57 | True Positive | No evidence | 2670.7 | 133.7 | 2739.7 | 146.4 | 69.0 |
| 58 | True Positive | No evidence | 2605.7 | 61.1 | 2023.3 | 22.1 | −582.3 |
| 59 | True Positive | No evidence | 1751.3 | 37.6 | 1691.3 | 58.4 | −60.0 |
| 60 | True Positive | No evidence | 1429.0 | 36.5 | 1386.7 | 17.7 | −42.3 |
| 61 | True Positive | No evidence | 1846.7 | 37.9 | 1672.7 | 15.1 | −174.0 |
| 62 | True Positive | No evidence | 2309.7 | 128.4 | 1616.0 | 125.3 | −693.7 |
Table 2. ROS = Reactive oxygen species; CL = Crosslinker; OS I = OptiSafe without Ascorbic acid; OS II = OptiSafe with Ascorbic acid; Avg. OD = Average optical density value; SE = Standard error; Avg. = Average; ΔOD = Change in OD value;
1 =
No Evidence was recorded for echemicals where a literature search failed to reveal evidence of the chemical forming ROS or crosslinks;
2 =
Yes (Y) and identifies those chemicals were a literature search identified a report of chemical reactivity to form ROS or crosslinks. Parenthesis identifies the reference source.