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. 2022 Oct 24;17(10):e0275624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275624

Table 3. Habits of the students with and without DED symptoms.

Dry eye (OSDI≥13)
No Yes
N % N % P-value
Total number of hours spent studying per day 0-3h 28 17.8% 26 10.8% 0.137
3-6h 75 47.8% 123 51.2%
>6h 54 34.4% 91 37.9%
Number of hours per day spent studying books and hard copy literature Not using 2 1.3% 2 0.8% 0.195
0-3h 34 21.7% 36 15.0%
3-6h 70 44.6% 131 54.6%
>6h 51 32.5% 71 29.6%
Number of hours per day spent studying using computers, laptops, and other VD devices Not using 69 43.9% 73 30.4% 0.007
0-3h 85 54.1% 148 61.7%
3-6h 2 1.3% 15 6.3%
>6h 1 0.6% 4 1.7%
Number of hours per day spent using mobile phones, computers, laptops, and other VD devices in their free time Not using 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.911
0-3h 75 47.8% 111 46.3%
3-6h 57 36.3% 87 36.3%
>6h 25 15.9% 42 17.5%

A Chi square test was performed, p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.