Table III.

Studies exploring the expression and clinical significance of BMAL1/CLOCK in patients with CRC.

Author, year	Gene	Expression in CRC	Observations	(Refs.)
Karantanos, 2013	BMAL1	Upregulated	No correlation was found between BMAL1 gene expression and clinical significance	(38)
Burgermeister, 2019	BMAL1	Decreased	Patients with CRC with low expression of BMAL1 tended to have a good response to bevacizumab	(78)
Oshima, 2011	BMAL1	Not mentioned	High expression of BMAL1 was associated with liver metastasis in patients with CRC	(42)
Zhang, 2021	BMAL1	Not mentioned	Patients with CRC with high expression of BMAL1 had enrichment of EMT and invasive gene signatures	(79)
He, 2022	BMAL1	Decreased	Not specified	(37)
Aroca-Siendones, 2021	BMAL1	Not mentioned	Low expression of BMAL1 was associated with metastasis	(49)
Karantanos, 2013	CLOCK	Upregulated	No correlation was found between CLOCK gene expression and clinical significance	(38)
Momma, 2017	CLOCK	Not mentioned	Colon tumors with positive CLOCK expression were generally more advanced and invasive	(56)
Mostafaie, 2009	CLOCK	Not mentioned	CLOCK was significantly higher in G(2) tumors of male patients	(40)
He, 2022	CLOCK	Upregulated	Patients with CRC with higher expression of CLOCK tended to have lymph node metastasis and tended to be more advanced	(37)
Lu, 2015	CLOCK	Not mentioned	CLOCK expression levels were elevated in CRC tissue samples from patients with pCR vs. non-pCR	(46)
Karantanos, 2013	CLOCK	Upregulated	Polymorphism in the CLOCK1 gene significantly increased the risk of CRC susceptibility	(38)
Alhopuro, 2010	CLOCK	Not mentioned	CLOCK mutations occurred in nearly half of MSI CRCs	(84)

CRC, colorectal cancer; CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like-1; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; MSI, microsatellite instability; pCR, pathological complete regression.