Table 2.
The effects of the chatbot application on oral health care practices for young children in Studies I and II.
| Oral health practices | Study I | Study II | ||||||||
|
|
Before, n (%) | After, n (%) | Chi-square (df) | P value | Before, n (%) | After, n (%) | Chi-square (df) | P value | ||
| Toothbrushing for children by caregiver | ||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 28 (76) | 36 (97) | 6.40 (1) | .02a | 22 (65) | 30 (88) | 5.33 (1) | .04a | |
|
|
No | 9 (24) | 1 (3) | 12 (35) | 4 (12) | |||||
| Frequency of brushing by caregiver | ||||||||||
|
|
Not everyday | 13 (46) | 3 (8) | 12.23 (2) | .002 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/Ab | .69c | |
|
|
Once a day | 5 (18) | 12 (33) | 3 (14) | 3 (10) | |||||
|
|
Twice or more a day | 10 (36) | 21 (58) | 19 (86) | 27 (90) | |||||
| Fluoride toothpaste usage | 22 (96) | 36 (100) | N/A | .39c | 13 (87) | 25 (100) | N/A | .14c | ||
| Amount of toothpaste | ||||||||||
|
|
Smear | 15 (65) | 22 (61) | 0.10 (1) | .75 | 16 (76) | 25 (93) | N/A | .22c | |
|
|
Pea or regular size | 8 (35) | 14 (39) | 5 (24) | 2 (7) | |||||
| Plaque scored | 0.48 (0.33) | 0.18 (0.21) | 6.82 (36) | <.001 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
aMcNemar-test.
bN/A: not applicable.
cFisher exact test.
dMean (SD).