TABLE 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription.
| Factors | OR crude (CI95%) | ORa (CI95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | ref | — |
| Female | 1.26 (1.03–1.53) | — | |
| Age | Years | 1.05 (1.01–1.02) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
| McCabe Score | Nonfatal | ref | — |
| Ultimately fatal | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | — | |
| Rapidly fatal | 0.77 (0.5–1.20) | — | |
| Type of department | Emergency | ref | ref |
| Medical | 1.11 (0.78–1.57) | 1.22 (0.84–1.76) | |
| Surgical | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 1.28 (0.82–1.98) | |
| Intensive Care | 0.26 (0.15–0.46) | 0.48 (0.25–0.92) | |
| Paediatrics | 0.30 (0.17–0.53) | 0.82 (0.40–1.71) | |
| Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) | No | ref | — |
| Yes | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | — | |
| Sources (Site of infection) | Respiratory | ref | ref |
| Urinary | 1.20 (0.89–1.62) | 1.48 (1.06–2.07) | |
| Intra-abdominal | 1.05 (0.80–1.39) | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | |
| Skin and soft-tissue infections and osteoarticular | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | 0.89 (0.61–1.27) | |
| Endovascular/catheter | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) | 0.81 (0.40–1.66) | |
| Central Nervous System | 0.22 (0.05–0.99) | 0.55 (0.11–2.75) | |
| Not identified | 1.45 (0.97–2.19) | 1.95 (1.22–3.12) | |
| Others | 2.42 (0.78–1.10) | 2.56 (1.39–4.71) | |
| Severity at presentation | No | ref | ref |
| Sepsis | 0.55 (0.43–0.69) | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) | |
| Septic shock | 0.48 (0.34–0.68) | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | |
| Site of infection described | No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 0.59 (0.47–0.74) | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) | |
| Severity described | No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 0.71 (0.58–0.87) | 0.92 (0.73–1.16) | |
| Samples taken | No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 0.41 (0.33–0.50) | 0.57 (0.45–0.73) | |
| Empirical treatment | No | ref | ref |
| Yes | 2.80 (2.13–3.70) | 1.86 (1.34–2.58) | |
| High impact antibiotics | No | ref | — |
| Yes | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | — | |
| Combined medical treatments | No | ref | — |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | — | |
| Duration of treatment | ≤7 days | ref | — |
| 8–14 days | 1.29 (0.98–1.69) | — | |
| >14 days | 1.34 (0.79–2.27) | — | |
| Point Prevalence Survey Year (PPS) | Year | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | — |
OR, odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; ORa, Odds ratio adjusted by all categories: age; type of department; sources (site of infection); severity at onset; site of infection described; samples taken; empirical treatment.
Total = Total number of prescriptions evaluated; Inappropriate = if the drug, route, dose and/or duration of the antibiotic prescription were incorrect according to the local guideline; Appropriate = if the drug, route, dose and/or duration of the antibiotic prescription were correct according to the local guideline.