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. 2022 Sep 15;49(5):405–415. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000905

TABLE 7. Proportion of Patients With Incontinence Management by Continence Category Broken Down by Worst-Stage HAPI Severity for All Acute Care.

All Acute Care
Incontinence Management Incontinence Type
Urine Incontinence Fecal Incontinence Dual Incontinence Incontinent vs Continent Testing
Incontinent Continent P
Stage 1, 2 HAPI Total HAPI patients by continence category 451 332 1306 2089 974
Fecal management system 0.0% 6.9% 8.5% 6.4% 1.2% .000
Foley/catheter 44.8% 57.8% 42.1% 45.2% 19.8% .000
Absorbent Underpad/brief 39.2% 37.3% 54.8% 48.7% 10.5% .000
Ostomy 2.2% 3.3% 2.2% 2.4% 2.9% .51
External urine management 11.5% 0.7% 12.5% 10.5% 0.8% .000
Severe HAPI Total HAPI patients by continence category 318 407 1333 2058 594
Fecal management system 0.6% 14.3% 13.4% 11.6% 4.4% .000
Foley/catheter 60.1% 58.5% 53.4% 55.4% 28.8% .000
Absorbent Underpad/brief 29.2% 32.9% 41.5% 37.9% 11.4% .000
Ostomy 3.5% 3.4% 3.8% 3.7% 6.4% .006
External urine management 16.7% 3.7% 13.2% 11.9% 2.3% .000
No HAPIs Total HAPI patients by continence category 17,576 5365 24,284 47,225 126,644
Fecal management system 0.2% 4.2% 4.5% 2.9% 0.10% .000
Foley/catheter 35.6% 49.1% 30.2% 34.3% 5.9% .000
Absorbent Underpad/brief 45.6% 40.4% 59.9% 52.4% 5.0% .000
Ostomy 1.5% 7.2% 2.0% 2.4% 5.0% .000
External urine management 17.3% 2.9% 13.5% 13.7% 0.7% .000

Abbreviation: HAPI, hospital-acquired pressure injury. Bold P values indicate statistical significance.