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. 2022 Aug 16;4(4):185–191. doi: 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000133

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Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health Inc., on behalf of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (IHCAMS).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Role of sex hormones in the regulation of murine hematopoiesis. In the murine HSPC, estrogen, androgen, PG, FSH, LH, and PRL receptors were found to be expressed. Estrogen promotes HSC proliferation via ER alpha, which is highly expressed in HSCs. Female HSCs experience more self-renewing divisions than male HSCs. Estrogen increases the number of myeloid cells while suppressing the proliferation of B lymphocyte precursors. During the pregnancy and lactating time of female mouse, more HSCs were found in the bone marrow and spleen during pregnancy. Lactating mouse prolactin was discovered to stimulate erythropoiesis. HSPCs are defined by cell surface markers Lin-, CD45+ and Sca-1+ in flow cytometry. HSCs are defined as Lin-, Sca1+, c-kit+ (LSK), CD48, and CD150+ cells. Majority of studies are performed in adult hematopoiesis. AR = androgen receptor, ER = estrogen receptor, FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone, FSHR = follicle stimulating hormone receptor, HSC = hematopoietic stem cell, HSPC = hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, LH = luteinizing hormone, LHR = luteinizing hormone receptor, PG = progesterone, PGR = prostaglandin receptor, PRL = prolactin, PRLR = prolactin receptor.