Table 6.

Correlations between water intake and urine biomarkers.

			TDF (mL)a								WFF
	TWI (mL)		Total		Plain water		SSBs		Sports beverages		Total		Dishes		Staple food		Soup and porridge
	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
24 h urine volume (mL)	0.408	<0.001∗	0.278	0.003∗	0.374	<0.001∗	−0.115	0.235	0.006	0.952	0.366	<0.001∗	0.292	0.002∗	0.327	0.001∗	0.173	0.071
24 h urine
Osmolality (mOsm/kg)	−0.378	<0.001∗	−0.365	<0.001∗	−0.520	<0.001∗	0.046	0.633	0.218	0.023∗	−0.127	0.188	−0.166	0.084	−0.131	0.174	0.018	0.856
USG	−0.190	0.048∗	−0.119	0.219	−0.257	0.007∗	0.070	0.468	0.206	0.031∗	-0.166	0.084	−0.197	0.040∗	−0.061	0.527	0.063	0.518
K (mmol/L)	−0.193	0.044∗	−0.203	0.034∗	−0.312	0.001∗	0.111	0.249	0.118	0.222	−0.032	0.741	−0.068	0.485	0.099	0.305	0.064	0.510
Na (mmol/L)	−0.325	0.001∗	−0.284	0.003∗	−0.355	<0.001∗	−0.054	0.580	0.194	0.043∗	−0.159	0.099	−0.227	0.017∗	−0.223	0.020∗	−0.035	0.716
Cl (mmol/L)	−0.279	0.003∗	−0.245	0.010∗	−0.281	0.003∗	−0.027	0.779	0.100	0.300	−0.132	0.171	−0.200	0.037∗	−0.152	0.114	0.060	0.534
First morning urine
Osmolality (mOsm/kg)	−0.344	<0.001∗	−0.371	<0.001∗	−0.446	<0.001∗	0.084	0.384	0.076	0.435	−0.086	0.376	−0.129	0.180	0.029	0.763	−0.003	0.973
USG	−0.101	0.298	−0.129	0.182	−0.195	0.042∗	0.059	0.541	0.041	0.669	0.018	0.855	−0.024	0.807	0.163	0.091	0.043	0.657
K (mmol/L)	−0.114	0.239	−0.131	0.174	−0.227	0.018∗	0.125	0.194	0.084	0.386	−0.005	0.957	0.000	0.997	0.210	0.028∗	−0.047	0.625
Na (mmol/L)	−0.329	<0.001∗	−0.322	0.001∗	−0.378	<0.001∗	0.024	0.805	0.125	0.194	−0.151	0.116	−0.167	0.082	−0.135	0.162	−0.075	0.440
Cl (mmol/L)	−0.174	0.070	−0.147	0.127	−0.214	0.026∗	0.011	0.906	0.142	0.141	−0.130	0.177	−0.140	0.146	−0.094	0.329	−0.100	0.301

Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the intensity of the correlations. ^∗, statistically significant differences, P < 0.05. TWI: daily total water intake. TDF: daily total drinking fluid intake. WFF: daily water intake from food. SSBs: sugar-sweetened beverages. USG means urine-specific gravity.