Table 3.
Comparison of bovine colostrum with human colostrum
| Components | Bovine colostrum | Human colostrum | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | ~ 130 | 58 | Kehoe et al. (2007) |
| Fat | ~ 6.7 | 3–5% | Guthrie (1989) |
| Protein(g/100 ml) | ~ 14.9 | 0.8–0.9 | Bagwe et al. (2015) |
| Lactose(g/100 ml) | ~ 2.6 | 6.9–7.2 | Buttar et al. (2017) |
| Immune factors | |||
| Lactoferrin (mg/ml) | 100.0 | 700.0 | Stelwagen et al. (2009) |
| IgM (mg/ml) | 3.7–6.1 | 1.59 | |
| IgG (mg/ml) | 34.0–87.0 | 0.43 | |
| IgG2 (mg/ml) | 1.6–6.0 | – | |
| IgA (mg/ml) | 3.2–6.2 | 17.35 | |
| Growth Factors | |||
| Growth hormone (GH) ng/L | ≤ 0.03 | 41.0 | Playford et al. (2000); Kaducu et al. (2011) |
| Insulin like growth factor (IGF) mg/L | 10 | 18.0 | |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) mcg/L | 30–50 | 200.0 | |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mcg/L | NA | 75.0 | |
| Transforming growth factor (TGF α) mcg/L | 2.2–7.2 | 2.2–7.2 | |
| TGF β mg/L | 1–2 | 20–40 | |