TABLE 5.
Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis of factors associated with liver stiffness (loge kPa) in the population with HBsAg
| Characteristics | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | 95% CI | p | Coefficient | 95% CI | p | ||
| Sex | Female vs. male | −0.10 | −0.26 to +0.05 | 0.19 | |||
| Age | Per 5‐year older | −0.01 | −0.06 to +0.04 | 0.60 | |||
| Cigarette smoking | Yes vs. no | +0.24 | −0.05 to +0.53 | 0.11 | |||
| Herbal or traditional remedies | Yes vs. no | +0.22 | −0.14 to +0.57 | 0.23 | |||
| Excess alcohol | Yes vs. no | +0.12 | −0.38 to +0.62 | 0.62 | |||
| Time on ART | Per 1 year longer | −0.00 | −0.02 to +0.02 | 0.94 | |||
| Stavudine exposure | Per 1 year longer | +0.01 | −0.04 to +0.06 | 0.69 | |||
| Zidovudine exposure | Per 1 year longer | +0.00 | −0.02 to +0.03 | 0.87 | |||
| Tenofovir DF exposure | Per 1 year longer | −0.03 | −0.06 to −0.00 | 0.031 | −0.02 | −0.05 to +0.00 | 0.08 |
| Efavirenz exposure | Per 1 year longer | −0.00 | −0.02 to +0.01 | 0.70 | |||
| Nevirapine exposure | Per 1 year longer | −0.00 | −0.02 to +0.02 | 0.97 | |||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir exposure | Per 1 year longer | −0.04 | −0.09 to +0.02 | 0.16 | |||
| HIV‐1 RNA load | Per 1 log10 copies/ml higher | +0.06 | +0.01 to +0.11 | 0.012 | +0.06 | +0.02 to +0.11 | 0.008 |
| CD4 count | Per 1 cells/mm3 higher | −0.02 | −0.04 to +0.00 | 0.11 | |||
| HBV DNA | Per 1 log10 higher | +0.02 | −0.03 to +0.06 | 0.53 | |||
| Metabolic syndrome | Yes vs. no | +0.05 | −0.13 to +0.23 | 0.58 | |||
| BMI | Per 1 kg/m2 higher | +0.01 | −0.01 to +0.02 | 0.35 | |||
| Central obesity | Yes vs. no | −0.08 | −0.22 to +0.07 | 0.31 | |||
| Hypertension | Per grade higher | +0.07 | −0.02 to +0.15 | 0.12 | |||
| Total cholesterol | Per 1 mmol/L higher | −0.05 | −0.14 to +0.04 | 0.29 | |||
| LDL | Per 1 mmol/L higher | −0.10 | −0.20 to +0.01 | 0.07 | |||
| HDL | Per 1 mmol/L higher | +0.03 | −0.16 to +0.22 | 0.73 | |||
| Triglycerides | Per 1 mmol/L higher | +0.07 | −0.07 to +0.21 | 0.32 | |||
| HbA1c | Per 1 mmol/mol higher | −0.00 | −0.02 to +0.02 | 0.92 | |||
| CAP values | Per 10 db/m higher | +0.01 | −0.00 to +0.03 | 0.07 | +0.01 | 0.00 to +0.03 | 0.06 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ART, antiretroviral treatment; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; CI, confidence interval; DF, disoproxil fumarate; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.