Table 4.
Mental health status of Syrian mothers by maternal low dietary diversity and its associations
| Variables* | MDD-W | LDD | Total** | Maternal Low Dietary Diversity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health status of the mother | n=159 | n=274 | N=433 | OR† (95% CI) | P | aOR‡ (95% CI) | P |
| Current state of PTSD | |||||||
| No | 146 (91·8) | 229 (83·9) | 375 (86·8) | 1·0 | 1·0 | ||
| Yes | 13 (8·3) | 44 (16·1) | 57 (13·2) | 2·16 (1·12–4·14) | 0·021 | 1·47 (0·60–3·62) | 0·405 |
| Depression screening (PHQ-9) | |||||||
| Minimal symptoms (< 5) | 108 (71·1) | 151 (57·9) | 259 (62·7) | 1·0 | 1·0 | ||
| Mild depression (5 to 9) | 17 (11·2) | 50 (19·2) | 67 (16·2) | 2·10 (1·15–3·84) | 0·016 | 1·26 (0·57–2·81) | 0·570 |
| Moderate depression (10 to 14) | 17 (11·2) | 29 (11·1) | 46 (11·1) | 1·22 (0·64–2·33) | 0·547 | 0·89 (0·35–2·29) | 0·814 |
| Severe depression (≥ 15) | 10 (6·6) | 31 (11·9) | 41 (9·9) | 2·22 (1·04–4·71) | 0·039 | 1·62 (0·61–4·35) | 0·334 |
| Mental health status§ | |||||||
| No PTSD or mod./sev. depression | 125 (78·6) | 190 (69·6) | 315 (72·9) | 1·0 | 1·0 | ||
| PTSD and/or mod./sev. depression | 34 (21·4) | 803 (30·4) | 117 (27·1) | 1·61 (1·02–2·54) | 0·043 | 1·31 (0·70–2·47) | 0·404 |
MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women; LDD, low dietary diversity; aOR, adjusted OR; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
* Categorical variables are expressed as n(%).
** Lack of corresponding sum of frequencies with total sample size is due to missing data.
† OR of the dependent variable (MDD-W vs. LDD) are presented with 95% CI using simple logistic regression.
‡ aOR are presented with 95% CI using multiple logistic regression analysis. Model 2: adjusted for age of the mother and child, sex of the child, reproductive status of the mother, marital status, education and employment status of the parents, household monthly income, crowding index, UNHCR registration status, perception of safety, receiving cash or food assistance, reliance on savings, household type, head of household, total number of under-five children, health insurance coverage, healthcare type, sources of health messages, the probability of being moderately and severely food insecure, and maternal anemia.
§ Moderate/severe (mod./sev.) depression was defined as PHQ-9 score ≥ 10(32).
Statistical significance was defined as P-value < 0·05.