Table 1.
Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of participants in INDDEX24 validation study in Burkina Faso
| PAPI* n = 115 |
INDDEX24 n = 116 |
P-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (mean (SD)) years | 29.8 (8.1) | 29.5 (8.8) | 0.776 |
| Number of people in household (mean (SD)) | 12.3 (5.8) | 11.1 (5.8) | 0.127 |
| Pregnant respondent (%) | 13.9 | 13.0 | 0.361 |
| Breastfeeding respondent (%) | 35.2 | 39.4 | 0.778 |
| Education level (%) | 0.584 | ||
| Primary | 11.1 | 15.5 | |
| Secondary school | 2.8 | 3.6 | |
| High school | – | – | |
| University | – | – | |
| Professional | – | – | |
| No education | 86.1 | 80.9 | |
| Agricultural land possession by household (%) | 95.4 | 94.5 | 0.919 |
| Source of drinking water (%) | 1 | ||
| borehole | 100 | 100 | |
| Weekly frequency of food preparation by respondent (%) | 0.999 | ||
| All or most of the time | 64.8 | 64.5 | |
| Sometimes | 34.2 | 34.5 | |
| Rarely | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Household cooking fuel (%) | 0.228 | ||
| Wood | 97.2 | 96.4 | |
| Straw | 1.0 | 1.8 | |
| Gas | 0.0 | 1.8 | |
| Other | 1.8 | 0.0 | |
| Household lightening source (%) | 0.771 | ||
| Lamp with rechargeable battery | 37.0 | 34.3 | |
| Flashlight with non-rechargeable battery | 37.0 | 38.0 | |
| Solar energy | 15.7 | 17.6 | |
| Solar-rechargeable flashlight | 9.3 | 8.3 | |
| Other source‡ | 1.0 | 1.8 | |
| Household floor material (%) | 0.420 | ||
| Banco | 13.9 | 9.1 | |
| Cement or concrete | 59.3 | 58.2 | |
| Dirt sand | 26.8 | 32.7 | |
| Household roof material (%) | 0.553 | ||
| Metal sheets | 81.5 | 75.5 | |
| Mat or straw | 16.7 | 21.8 | |
| Dirt sand or banco | 1.8 | 2.7 | |
| Household wall material (%) | 0.522 | ||
| Earth-made brick or banco | 75.0 | 74.5 | |
| Half banco and half cement | 18.5 | 20.0 | |
| Cement | 3.7 | 4.5 | |
| Other wall material§ | 2.8 | 1.0 | |
| Household toilet facility (%) | 0.553 | ||
| Pit latrine with slab | 22.6 | 30.0 | |
| Pit latrine without slab | 17.9 | 16.4 | |
| Bush or field | 46.2 | 44.5 | |
| Other toilet facility** | 3.9 | 1.8 | |
| No toilet facility | 9.4 | 7.3 |
*
PAPI = Pen and Paper Interview
†
P-value from t-test (binary variables) or chi-2 test (categorical variables) comparison between and PAPI arms
‡
Other lightening sources included generator, woodfire and flashlight from mobile phone
§
Other wall materials included hides/tarpaulin and mat/straw
**
Other toilet facilities included ECOSAN latrine, manually poured flush toilet, and simple SanPlat latrine