Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 11;10:954371. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954371

Table 4.

Asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point in providing low-quality drugs.

Equilibrium point Eigenvalues λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4 Sign Stability
(1, 0, 1, 0) GhGl + FsFm − 2Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]CθFm, Fm − [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] (×, −, +, −) Unstable
(1, 0, 1, 1) GhGl + Fs − 2Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]CθFm, [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] − Fm (×, −, +, +) Unstable
(1, 0, 0, 0) GhGl + Fs − 2Fm − 2Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, Fm − [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]Cθ, Fm − [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] (×, −, −, −) When condition ① is satisfied, it is ESS
(1, 0, 0, 1) GhGl + 2Fs − 3Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, Fm − [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]Cθ, [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] − Fm (×, −, −, +) Unstable
(0, 0, 0, 0) GlGhFs + 2Fm + 2Fg, ClCh, − [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]Cθ, − (ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ) (×, −, −, −) When condition ② is satisfied, it is ESS
(0, 0, 0, 1) GlGh − 2Fs + 3Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, Fm − [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]Cθ, (ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ) (×, −, −, +) Unstable
(0, 0, 1, 0) GlGhFs + Fm + 2Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]Cθ, Fm − [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] (×, −, +, −) Unstable
(0, 0, 1, 1) GlGhFs + 2Fg, T(bpe/ρ) + Cl + FsCh, [b − (prpe)/(1 − ρ)]CθFm, [(ρprpe)Cθ/ρ(1 − ρ)] − Fm (×, −, +, +) Unstable

× indicates that the sign is uncertain. If the conditions ① and ② are met, they are, respectively, stable points.

Condition ①: GhGl < 2Fm + 2FgFs; Condition ②: 2Fm + 2FgFs < GhGl.