TABLE 1.

Latitudinal and altitudinal clines in Drosophila species have been presented from six continents. Each trait exhibiting a cline is represented by a coded colour symbol (refer to box below). Clines are broadly categorized as: morphological, reproduction, development and behaviour, stress resistance and energy reserves. There is considerable parallelism as well as variation for the same trait across continents. Traits for clines are codes with different symbols and colours.

Body size, ; Wing length, ; Wing loading, ; Cell number, ;Trident pigmentation, ; Body weight, ; Thorax length, ; Abdominal bristles, ; Sterno-pleural bristles, ; Aldh-Phe gene, ; In(3R) P, ; Wing size, ; Abdominal pigmentation, ; Wing-thorax ratio, ; Ovariole number, ; Copulation period, ; Egg size, ; Diapause, ; Thermoregulation, ; Larval developmental time, ; Circadian rhythm, ; Time less allele, ; Mid day siesta, ; Desiccation resistance, ; Starvation resistance, ; Heat resistance, ; Wolbachia infection frequency, ; Trehalose, ; Chill recovery, ; Cold resistance, ; Ethanol tolerance, ; Total body lipids,