. 2022 Sep 30;101(12):102215. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102215

Table 3.

Effect of brown seaweed meal and extract on blood biochemistry parameters in broiler chickens under TN and HS conditions.

Parameters	Thermoneutral (TN) Dietary treatments¹				Heat stress (HS) Dietary reatments¹				Temp. Model			P-value

	NC	1 mL SWE	2 mL SWE	2% SWM	NC	1 mL SWE	2 mL	2% SWM	TN	HS	PooledSEM²	Diet	Temp.	Diet X Temp.
Electrolytes and minerals, mmolL⁻¹
Sodium	144	144	146	146	147	147	148	146	145.5^b	147.2^a	0.45	0.555	0.038	0.398
Potassium	7.56	6.84	7.10	6.36	6.5	7.5	6.6	6.5	6.72	6.66	0.16	0.353	0.805	0.284
Chloride	107	106	107	108	109	109	109	108	107^b	109^a	0.4	0.853	0.024	0.465
Calcium	1.91	1.70	1.77	1.94	1.88	1.89	2.11	1.93	1.8	1.9	0.04	0.606	0.073	0.477
Phosphorus	2.12	1.72	1.99	1.85	1.84	1.95	1.82	1.87	1.8	1.8	0.05	0.75	0.812	0.346
Magnesium	0.75	0.68	0.73	0.69	0.66^b	0.72^a	0.73^a	0.69^ab	0.7	0.7	0.01	0.684	0.106	0.075
Metabolites, mmolL⁻¹
Urea	0.38	0.40	0.42	0.42	0.37	0.33	0.36	0.34	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.01	0.861	0.002	0.532
Glucose	13.0	12.8	13.0	13.1	13.2	14.0	13.7	13.4	12.9^b	13.6^a	0.08	0.599	<0.001	0.09
Cholesterol	2.52	2.68	2.71	2.59	2.69	2.69	2.78	2.57	2.6	2.7	0.03	0.326	0.218	0.817
Uric acid	320	336	338	349	340^b	386^ab	485^a	336^b	324^b	373^a	13.4	0.065	0.012	0.13
Enzymes, UL⁻¹
Amylase	472	509	545	527	594	560	698	529	479^b	594^a	28.6	0.721	0.046	0.688
ALP³	4382	6266	4087	5872	5294	4043	5264	3387	4364	4420	282	0.791	0.91	0.023
Creatine kinase	14420	7550	11630	12502	4337	4338	4478	5002	6001^a	4527^b	1045	0.86	0.045	0.783
AST⁴	232	192	220	241	174	176	194	180	197	183	7.21	0.434	0.112	0.802
GGT⁵	10.1	10.7	10.3	11.3	11.9^ab	13.2^a	11.8^ab	9.5^b	10.3	11.4	0.34	0.428	0.122	0.073
Lipase	21.1	21.0	27.4	22.3	18.0^a	21.0^a	18.4^a	10.0^b	22.5^a	17.1^b	0.8	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
ALT⁶	5.5^c	11.5^a	10^ab	7^bc	7.97^ab	6.27^b	9.95^a	11.03^a	7.8	8.9	0.42	0.014	0.145	<0.001
Proteins, gL⁻¹
Total protein	25.67	25.42	25.50	25.83	25.5	25.1	27.5	26.0	25.2	26.2	0.34	0.441	0.107	0.495
Albumin	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.4	11.3	10.8	10.4	10.7	0.1	0.215	0.092	0.236
Globulin	15.3	15.0	15.1	15.5	15.1	14.9	16.3	15.2	14.8	15.4	0.28	0.678	0.215	0.693

^{a, b, c}

means assigned different lowercase superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05 (Tukey's procedure).

Dietary treatment includes NC (negative control [corn-soybean meal-wheat–based diet]), 1 mL SWE (chicks supplied brown seaweed extract in water at 1 mL/L), 2 mL SWE (chicks supplied brown seaweed extract in water at 1 mL/L), 2% SWM (chicks fed NC + 2% brown seaweed in feed).

SEM, Standard error of means.

ALP, Alkaline phosphatase.

⁴

AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase.

⁵

GGT, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase.

⁶

ALT, Alanine Transferase.