Table 4.

Effect of brown seaweed meal and extract on relative immune organ weight, serum immunoglobulins, interleukins, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens challenged with or without HS.

	Dietary treatment1				Temp. model			P-values
Parameters	NC	1 mL SWE	2 mL SWE	2% SWM	TN2	HS3	SEM4	Diet	Temp.	Diet X Temp.
Bursa (g / Kg BW)	0.20	0.21	0.20	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.006	0.801	0.906	0.349
Spleen (g / Kg BW)	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.002	0.381	0.196	0.364
Serum IgG (mg/mL)	3.32	4.13	4.08	4.13	2.9b	5.20a	0.44	0.789	0.002	0.773
Serum IgM (mg/mL)	0.20	0.15	0.16	0.19	0.10b	0.20a	0.02	0.088	<0.001	0.805
Plasma IL 6 (pg/mL)5	18.7	23.1	17.5	26.4	17.0b	26.0a	2.04	0.185	0.005	0.527
Plasma IL 10 (pg/mL)6	52.3	43.8	41.2	54.9	51.2	44.5	2.56	0.073	0.119	0.143
Serum SOD (U/mL)7	0.50	0.48	0.66	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.03	0.234	0.669	0.798
Plasma GR (nmol/min/mL)8	23.7	20.0	21.7	20.0	28.5a	14.6b	1.05	0.261	<0.001	0.619
Plasma GPx (nmol/min/mL)9	461	471	492	455	500a	436b	9.11	0.233	<0.001	0.404

^a,bmeans assigned different lowercase superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05 (Tukey's procedure).

¹Dietary treatment includes NC (negative control (corn-soybean meal-wheat–based diet;)), 1 mL SWE (chicks supplied brown seaweed extract in water at 1 mL/L),

2 mL SWE (chicks supplied brown seaweed extract in water at 1 mL/L), 2% SWM (chicks fed NC + 2% brown seaweed in feed).

²HS (Heat stress).

³TN (Thermoneutral).

⁴SEM, Standard error of means.

⁵IL 6, Interleukin 6.

⁶IL 10, Interleukin 10

⁷SOD, superoxide dismutase.

⁸GR, Glutathione reductase.

⁹GPx, Glutathione peroxidase.