Table 4.

Particle loss rates, contributions from outdoor air (PλO), and emission rates from dental procedures with significant peaks in particle number concentration.

Procedure	Particle size range	Particle loss rate (min−1)		PλO (# cm−3 min−1)		Emission rate (# min−1)
		mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD
Air turbine handpiece (N = 7)	<1 μm	0.034	0.009	0.049	0.031	6.07E+07	4.77E+07
	1–5 μm	0.059	0.005	0.002	0.002	3.07E+07	3.13E+07
	>5 μm	0.062	0.042	0.000	0.000	6.32E+06	3.80E+06
	Total (0.3–10 μm)	0.032	0.008	0.049	0.028	5.15E+07	3.36E+07
Low-speed dental handpiece (N = 2)	<1 μm	0.031	0.013	0.206	0.177	1.24E+08	1.68E+08
	1–5 μm	0.087	0.035	0.003	0.003	9.18E+07	1.09E+08
	>5 μm	0.075	0.037	0.001	0.000	5.75E+06	2.02E+06
	Total (0.3–10 μm)	0.031	0.013	0.206	0.177	1.25E+08	1.72E+08
High-speed dental handpiece (N = 3)	<1 μm	0.036	0.010	0.029	0.015	1.30E+08	7.35E+07
	1–5 μm	0.035	0.006	0.001	0.001	1.31E+08	2.14E+08
	>5 μm	0.075	0.067	0.001	0.000	3.38E+07	5.25E+07
	Total (0.3–10 μm)	0.035	0.011	0.031	0.017	1.29E+08	8.29E+07
Root canal treatment (N = 6)	<1 μm	0.023	0.014	0.221	0.105	1.38E+07	1.06E+07
	1–5 μm	0.077	0.039	0.004	0.003	2.28E+07	2.08E+07
	>5 μm	0.065	0.035	0.000	0.000	1.25E+07	8.85E+06
	Total (0.3–10 μm)	0.022	0.012	0.211	0.101	1.50E+07	1.15E+07