Table 3.
Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Weight and Metabolic Parameters Between Treatment Groups
| Weight and metabolic parameters | Aripiprazole | Risperidone | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3M | 1Y | Baseline | 3M | 1Y | Baseline | 3M | 1Y | |||||||||||||||
| n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | P | |
| Anthropometric changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight, kg | 81 | 64.9 | 14.1 | 69.6 | 14.9 | 74.2 | 15.1 | 87 | 63.5 | 15.9 | 69.1 | 15.4 | 74.1 | 17.9 | 168 | 64.2 | 15.0 | 69.3 | 15.1 | 74.2 | 16.5 | 0.050 | .824 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 81 | 22.5 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 4.0 | 25.7 | 4.1 | 87 | 22.4 | 4.5 | 24.4 | 4.3 | 26.2 | 5.2 | 168 | 22.4 | 4.2 | 24.2 | 4.1 | 25.9 | 4.7 | 0.315 | .576 |
| Lipid parameters | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 80 | 168.5 | 30.7 | 187.3 | 35.0 | 191.6 | 47.1 | 81 | 171.7 | 34.4 | 191.0 | 35.5 | 191.7 | 37.5 | 161 | 170.1 | 32.5 | 189.2 | 35.2 | 191.6 | 42.4 | 0.196 | .658 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 69 | 83.4 | 31.8 | 99.4 | 41.6 | 116.3 | 67.7 | 70 | 77.2 | 33.0 | 94.5 | 43.3 | 111.7 | 79.7 | 139 | 80.3 | 32.4 | 97.0 | 42.4 | 114.0 | 73.7 | 0.294 | .588 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 67 | 51.0 | 13.1 | 52.4 | 13.1 | 51.7 | 14.1 | 67 | 53.1 | 13.1 | 56.1 | 15.4 | 52.6 | 13.2 | 134 | 52.0 | 13.1 | 54.3 | 14.4 | 52.1 | 13.6 | 0.406 | .525 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 66 | 100.9 | 29.0 | 114.3 | 31.8 | 118.4 | 41.3 | 65 | 102.1 | 28.9 | 114.6 | 32.5 | 116.5 | 31.3 | 131 | 101.5 | 28.8 | 114.5 | 32.0 | 117.5 | 36.6 | 0.014 | .905 |
| Glycemic parameters | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 80 | 85.3 | 8.9 | 86.0 | 8.7 | 88.4 | 12.3 | 83 | 82.9 | 9.9 | 85.3 | 8.2 | 89.8 | 11.5 | 163 | 84.1 | 9.4 | 85.6 | 8.4 | 89.1 | 11.8 | 0.326 | .569 |
| HOMA index | 79 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 79 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 158 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.142 | .287 |
| HOMA index men | 42 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 40 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 82 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.121 | .293 |
| HOMA index women | 37 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 39 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 76 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.170 | .681 |
| Triglyceride/HDL index | 67 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 67 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 134 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.192 | .662 |
| Insulin total,μU/mL | 79 | 9.0 | 7.3 | 10.4 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 80 | 9.9 | 11.6 | 9.8 | 5.9 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 159 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 5.5 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 0.967 | .327 |
| Insulin men | 42 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 11.1 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 5.9 | 41 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 10.9 | 6.4 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 83 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 6.2 | 12.0 | 8.8 | 1.247 | .268 |
| Insulin women | 37 | 9.1 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 3.8 | 39 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 8.7 | 5.1 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 76 | 8.7 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 0.029 | .865 |
| Hormonal levels | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leptin total, ng/mL | 77 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 11.6 | 80 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 157 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 14.0 | 15.4 | 13.0 | 0.023 | .880 |
| Leptin men | 41 | 7.6 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 41 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 12.8 | 11.4 | 82 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 0.447 | .506 |
| Leptin women | 36 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 20.3 | 12.3 | 39 | 12.3 | 14.7 | 18.6 | 16.5 | 20.0 | 16.1 | 75 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 20.1 | 14.3 | 0.073 | .787 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
Statistical analyses: GLM ANCOVA model, where measures of each parameters at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year were the dependent variable; treatment group the independent variable; and baseline BMI, sex, and age were the covariates.