Table 1.

Anthropometric characteristics of the primary cohort used in the study.

Anthropometric characteristics	Control adolescents (n=42)	Adolescents with T2D (n=113)	P-value	Statistical test
Age (years)	16.08 (3.11)	15.24 (2.58)	0.09	t-test
Gender (Male/Female)	(14/28)	(35/78)	0.78	Chi-Square
Weight (kg)	90.33 (23.56)	86.46 (22.73)	0.35	t-test
Height (cm)	166.00 (8.53)	165.28 (9.64)	0.67	t-test
Waist (cm)	104.96 (19.72)	105.03 (18.28)	0.98	t-test
BMI (kg/m²)	32.43 (6.79)	31.37 (6.49)	0.37	t-test
BMI Z-score	1.66 (0.83)	1.79 (0.72)	0.31	t-test
Duration of diabetes (years)	/	2.12 [3.12]	/	/
Albuminuria (%)	9.5	39.6	<0.001	Chi-Square
Ambulatory Hypertension (%)	22.5	22.8	0.92	Chi-Square
Nocturnal Hypertension (%)	22.5	32.7	0.23	Chi-Square
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)	3.44 (1.59)	11.38 (5.95)	<0.001	t-test
ALT (units/L)	25.64 (23.05)	29.28 (22.28)	0.32	t-test
AST (units/L)	22.61 (10.35)	22.45 (14.91)	0.95	t-test
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	5.65 (0.24)	9.38 (2.73)	<0.001	t-test
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.91 (0.67)	4.45 (0.98)	<0.01	t-test
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.28 (0.64)	2.19 (2.13)	<0.01	t-test
HDL (mmol/L)	1.22 (0.31)	1.12 (0.28)	0.06	t-test
LDL (mmol/L)	2.10 (0.51)	2.37 (0.68)	<0.05	t-test
Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio	3.37 (0.93)	3.95 (1.19)	<0.05	t-test
LDL/HDL Ratio	1.83 (0.64)	2.17 (0.79)	<0.05	t-test

Values are means (SD). For the variable “duration of diabetes”, values are presented as median [interquartile range]. P values ≦ 0.05 were considered significant. P-values were calculated using Student’s t-test and Chi-Square test.

T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

There are 42 controls and 113 patients with T2D included in this study.